`Cadernos de Pós-Graduação em Direito Político e Econômico
Cadernos de Pós-Graduação em Direito Político e Econômico (ISSN: 1678-2127) is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Centro de Estudos Acadêmicos Press. The journal serves as a platform for rigorous scholarly dialogue on the intersections of law, political science, and economic theory, with a particular emphasis on postgraduate research and interdisciplinary perspectives. Indexed in ABDC Journal Quality List (Category C), it welcomes original articles, critical essays, and theoretical contributions that explore legal frameworks, governance systems, and economic policies from both national and international contexts. The journal is committed to advancing academic discourse and policy insights in the fields of political and economic law.
Centro de Estudos Acadêmicos Press [ceapress.org]
All articles published in Cadernos de Pós-Graduação em Direito Político e Econômico / Postgraduate Notebooks in Political and Economic Law are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY NC 4.0). This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and used for Non-Commercial Purposes only.
The International Classification of the National Human Rights Council in Algeria Between Reality and Aspiration
The National Human Rights Council represents the national institution entrusted with the protection of human rights in Algeria and serves as the mirror reflecting Algeria's international image. Like national human rights institutions in various countries worldwide, it is subject to periodic international monitoring focused on the extent of its compliance with a set of predetermined international standards expressed in the Paris Principles relating to the Status of National Human Rights Institutions. Following this evaluation, it is classified as either Class A, Class B, or Class C. The National Human Rights Council in Algeria is currently classified as Class B. This study is presented as a proposal to elevate the National Human Rights Council to Class A status by addressing the following research question: Why is the National Human Rights Council classified as Class B, and how can its classification be improved? This problematic is addressed through an analytical methodology by: defining the framework of the National Human Rights Council; clarifying Algeria's efforts to advance the National Human Rights Council toward Class A classification; analyzing the criticisms directed at Algeria in the latest report by the Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions and clarifying how to address them in a practical, justified, and institutionalized manner; and identifying the advantages that Class A classification would provide to Algeria.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Smaali Aouatef https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Role of Energy Transition in Meeting the Requirements of Sustainable Development - A Case Study of the German Experience
Our study aims to present and analyze the role of the energy transition in achieving sustainable development in general. We focus on the energy transition, its goals, and the requirements for achieving it in order to balance the economic, social, and environmental aspects. The descriptive-analytical approach was used to present the aspects of the study. Ultimately, we found the significant importance that renewable energies play in achieving the dimensions of sustainable development in the environmental, economic, and social aspects by providing energy supplies for the current generations and ensuring them for future generations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. GHOCHI Laid, Dr. ANICHEL Abdallah, Dr. MORKANE Mohamed El Bachi, Pr. GUETIB Abdelkader, Dr. CHACHOUA Abdellah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Role of the Family in the Tageish Society, in the Tamanrasset Region Preservi the Popular Culture. A Field Study for Some Families in City of Tamanrasset
This current study aims to shed light on the role of the family in the Tuareg society in the Tamanrasset region in preserving, transmitting, and safeguarding cultural heritage. In this study, we relied on the qualitative approach and the direct interview tool to collect data in order to identify facts and interpret them. The study concluded that the family in Tuareg society in the Tamanrasset region plays a role in transmitting both tangible and intangible cultural heritage to subsequent generations with the aim of preserving the authenticity of the region and its popular cultural heritage.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Emerging Trends in Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Targeted Cancer Therapy
Oncology is changing with nanoparticle-based drug delivery methods, which may overcome conventional chemotherapy's bioavailability, systemic toxicity, and lack of selectivity. Recent nanotechnology advances have allowed the design of multifunctional nanoparticles like liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric micelles, metallic nanoparticles, and lipid-based carriers that can improve drug solubility, prolong circulation time, and deliver therapeutic agents directly to tumor sites through passive (permeability and retention effect) and active (ligand-mediated targeting) mechanisms. Nanoparticles containing targeting ligands, antibodies, peptides, and aptamers improve site-specific delivery and therapeutic efficacy by decreasing off-target effects. In addition, stimulus-responsive nanoparticles that release medications in reaction to internal (pH, enzymes, redox status) or exterior (light, heat, magnetic fields) stimuli are promise for precision medicine. Despite progress, clinical translation is hindered by large-scale manufacture, regulatory approval, long-term toxicity, and tumor microenvironment heterogeneity. Nanoparticles are being added to immunotherapy, gene therapy, and combination regimens to improve therapeutic outcomes. This study discusses nanoparticle-based cancer drug delivery design methodologies, therapeutic applications, preclinical and clinical progress, and future directions to bridge laboratory innovation with clinical success.
Maria Montessori and Methods of Enhancing Motivation for Learning in the Algerian School
This study examines the Montessori educational approach as one of the most influential pedagogical models in early childhood education, emphasizing its role in fostering independence, self-directed learning, and intrinsic motivation among children. Rooted in the philosophy of Maria Montessori, this approach advocates minimal adult intervention while providing a carefully prepared environment that enables children to explore, choose activities freely, and develop cognitive, sensory, motor, social, and emotional skills. The paper highlights the importance of free play, cooperative activities, and experiential learning in supporting natural child development. It also situates the Montessori method within broader contemporary trends in preschool education, particularly the cultural competence approach and motivation enhancement, which aim to align educational programs with children’s developmental needs and social contexts. The findings underscore that investment in early childhood education is not only beneficial for individual development but also represents a long-term societal investment, especially in an era marked by rapid social and technological change.
Acts of Pleading Public Policy as a Guarantee for the Exclusion of Foreign Law and Its Applications in Algeria
The emergence of private international relations has led to permitting the application of foreign laws within the territories of host states. Based on the dual nature of national conflict-of-laws rules, these rules may, in certain cases, designate foreign law as the applicable law. While the general principle requires the judge to apply such law, national legislations grant the judge the authority to exclude the application of foreign law if it contains provisions that contradict the fundamental principles of the judge’s state, in application of the concept of public policy. This approach has been adopted by the Algerian legislator within the provisions governing conflicts of laws, specifically in Article 24 of the Algerian Civil Code, in the context of resolving disputes involving a foreign element.
Economic Impacts of Large-Scale Renewable Energy Adoption in Developing Economies
Opportunities for emerging economies abound in the worldwide movement towards renewable energy sources, which could lead to sustainability, economic development, and energy independence. Adopting renewable energy sources on a large scale can offer developing countries a long-term solution to the problem of polluting and expensive electricity generation from fossil fuels. But such changes have far-reaching and complex economic consequences that affect industry, jobs, energy prices, and economic growth in the short and long term. considers the possible advantages, disadvantages, dangers, and consequences of transitioning to renewable energy on a broad scale in developing economies. Renewable energy sources, including solar, wind, and hydropower, have the potential to lower energy prices, generate employment opportunities, and boost local economies through investments in infrastructure and technology advancement. High initial investment costs, funding hurdles, and the necessity for enabling legislative frameworks and policies are some of the potential economic difficulties addressed in the article. renewable energy's larger monetary effect through lowering consumption of foreign fuels, expanding access to electricity, and spawning new economic sectors. Developing nations can learn how to adopt renewable energy sources and experience sustainable economic growth by looking at case studies and doing economic modelling. The research shows that emerging economies must invest in large-scale renewable energy adoption because, despite some difficulties, the long-term economic advantages surpass the short-term costs.
Digitalization as a Mechanism to Enhance Competition in Public Procurement under Law 23 12
Digitalization has become one of the most significant modern mechanisms for reforming public administration and enhancing transparency and efficiency in public procurement systems. In Algeria, the adoption of Law No. 23-12 reflects a clear legislative orientation toward integrating digital tools into public procurement procedures as a means of strengthening competition, ensuring equal access to public contracts, and limiting practices that undermine fairness and transparency. This paper examines the role of digitalization as a legal and technical mechanism for enhancing competition in public procurement under Law No. 23-12. It analyzes the legal framework governing digital procurement, highlights the objectives and advantages of digitalization in promoting competitive principles, and evaluates its contribution to reducing administrative discretion, improving access to information, and increasing market openness. The study also addresses the main challenges associated with the implementation of digital procurement systems, including technical, legal, and institutional constraints. Ultimately, the paper seeks to assess the effectiveness of digitalization in achieving competitive public procurement and to identify its implications for governance and economic efficiency.
Proof of Marital Infidelity in the Digital Environment: Between the Nature of Electronic Evidence and the Right to Privacy
Electronic marital infidelity is one of the novelties generated by technology and the use of the digital environment, where social media platforms have become spaces in which spouses commit this type of infidelity. The pressing question that arises is how a victimized spouse can prove the infidelity of the other party. Are text messages, audio recordings, and videos admissible as means of proof? On the other hand, another issue arises: if the aggrieved party obtains electronic evidence proving the spouse’s infidelity, would this be considered an infringement on the right to privacy in general and the right to digital privacy in particular, given that this right is guaranteed under constitutions? This is what this research paper addresses.
The Reality of the Substantive Constraints Imposed on the Powers of the United Nations Security Council
The Security Council enjoys particular importance as a result of its responsibility for achieving the primary objective for which the Organization was established, namely the maintenance of international peace and security. The General Assembly also enjoys certain competences in this field. However, assigning this principal responsibility to the Security Council is mainly due to the desire to achieve a degree of effectiveness and speed in resolving problems that threaten peace, since it is a body of limited membership, which makes it more suitable and in a better position to carry out this task. To this end, the Charter of the United Nations recognized its right to issue binding decisions and its authority to intervene in international disputes regardless of the consent or objection of the disputing states. Yet, for a long period, the Council remained unable to effectively carry out its core tasks, which were very limited, whether in the field of the peaceful settlement of disputes under Chapter VI of the Charter, or in the field of taking the necessary measures in the event of a threat or act of aggression under Chapter VII, whether those disputes concerned situations arising from conflicts of interest between colonial states and newly independent states, or issues affecting the vital interests of the permanent members. There was near consensus that the reason for this incapacity lay in the veto power.
Al-Jahiz's Linguistic Vision: between Traditional Heritage Referentiality and Modern Linguistic Concepts
Al-Jāḥiẓ is one of the most prominent figures in Arabic linguistic thought. In his works, he presents an integrated vision of language, its functions, and the foundations of linguistic analysis, in a way that makes it possible to understand the classical linguistic heritage within the horizon of contemporary linguistics. This paper focuses on the major linguistic issues in al-Jāḥiẓ’s works, especially the nature and functions of language, the impact of context and situation on discourse interpretation, communicative and persuasive mechanisms, style and eloquence, and the relationship between language and thought. The study also examines how some of al-Jāḥiẓ’s insights converge with modern linguistic principles such as pragmatics, discourse analysis, argumentation theory, and cognitive linguistics, while highlighting areas of convergence and divergence between the classical tradition and contemporary linguistic scholarship. It concludes that al-Jāḥiẓ’s linguistic vision does not merely constitute a classical legacy but rather a conceptual foundation that can be fruitfully employed in modern linguistic studies, thereby underscoring the central role of the Arab-Islamic heritage in enriching contemporary linguistic theory.
Graphene and its Derivatives: Pioneering Superconductors in Electronic Device Applications
Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, has revolutionized the material science field due to its exceptional electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. This paper explores the advancements and applications of graphene and its derivatives as superconductors in electronic device applications. The intrinsic properties of graphene, such as high electron mobility, thermal conductivity, and mechanical strength, make it an ideal candidate for enhancing the performance of electronic components.We delve into the synthesis and functionalization techniques of graphene, which tailor its properties for specific electronic applications. The focus is on how doping and the integration of graphene with other materials can induce superconductivity, thereby expanding its application spectrum to include next-generation electronic and energy storage devices. Special attention is given to the latest developments in graphene-based transistors, sensors, and supercapacitors, illustrating their enhanced performance metrics compared to traditional materials.Furthermore, the paper addresses the challenges associated with the commercial scalability of graphene, such as consistency in material quality and the complexity of fabrication processes. We discuss ongoing research efforts aimed at overcoming these barriers, including the development of novel synthesis methods and the implementation of graphene in hybrid materials.
Sustainable Tourism Development: Balancing Environmental Protection and Economic Growth
The goal of sustainable tourism development is to increase tourism while simultaneously protecting cultural and environmental treasures. the methods and approaches that encourage eco-friendly travel with few negative effects on the environment. To guarantee long-term advantages for local economies and ecosystems, it is crucial to engage the community, manage resources responsibly, and build environmentally friendly infrastructure. Case studies from different parts of the world show how different sectors, such ecotourism, rural tourism, and historical protection, have succeeded and failed at striking this equilibrium. sustainable tourism practices are being propelled by public awareness, commercial sector engagement, and government policies. This strategy can help the economy thrive while protecting the earth for years to come by combining environmental preservation with tourist development.
A Sociological Analysis of Polpulation Ageing in Algeria
Perceptions of older persons vary across societies according to their cultural, social, and historical contexts. In Algerian society, representations of ageing have not yet been fully transformed by the structural changes that have affected the family, particularly the shift from the extended family model to the nuclear family. Despite advanced age and increasing needs for physical comfort, stability, and care, older persons continue to be symbolically integrated into the social fabric. However, their effective participation in everyday social activities has gradually declined, contributing to their portrayal as less productive or dependent within the family sphere. This transformation has, in some cases, led to the perception of older persons as a social and familial burden rather than as holders of experience, memory, and moral authority. In light of this social representation, and considering the ethical and cultural responsibilities of Algerian society, this study adopts a descriptive sociological approach to examine contemporary perceptions of older persons. It seeks to explore how individuals can contribute to improving the social status of the elderly within the family and to reinforce their symbolic and social recognition.
Sustainability in Fashion Industry: A Study of Eco-Friendly Materials and Circular Production Models
Sustainability is becoming increasingly important in the fashion business, which has a reputation for having a negative effect on society and the environment. the fashion industry's impact on the environment can be mitigated by the use of sustainable materials and the use of circular production processes. The sustainability benefits of various eco-friendly materials are discussed, including organic cotton, hemp, recycled fabrics, and new alternatives such as mushroom leather and textiles made from plants. To further reduce waste and maximize clothes' useful life, the article examines circular production techniques such closed-loop systems, recycling, and upcycling. Sustainable fashion brand case studies illustrate the benefits and drawbacks of these methods. the significance of shifting to methods that place an emphasis on ecological consciousness and resource conservation, as well as the part that new ideas, heightened customer awareness, and industry cooperation play in fostering a sustainable fashion ecosystem.
The Role of Deep Learning in Autonomous Systems and Robotics
When it comes to developing autonomous systems and robotics, deep learning has become an essential tool for making machines do complicated jobs with little to no human input. Deep learning techniques enable autonomous systems and robots to mimic human perception, understanding, and interaction with their surroundings by making use of massive datasets and sophisticated neural network topologies. deep learning's critical function in improving autonomous systems' capacities, particularly in areas like object identification, decision-making, and motion planning. the use of deep learning models like RNNs, CNNs, and reinforcement learning to a range of robotics applications, including autonomous driving, industrial automation, and healthcare robotics. Furthermore, the article delves into the difficulties linked to training DL models in ever-changing real-world contexts, covering topics such as computational power requirements, model generalisation, and the necessity for massive labelled datasets. Lastly, we will look at the future of deep learning in robotics, considering developments in sensor technology, real-time data processing, and the incorporation of AI into robotic systems to enhance machine intelligence, adaptability, and autonomy.
The research addresses two interrelated topics : teaching methods and means. I would like to discuss teaching methods, as they are an integral part of education. As for the means of study, they were included in order to clarify everything related to audiovisual media, which is one of the key elements of the thesis title. Through this research, an attempt will be made to provide a procedural definition of the title through the procedural definitions of the titles presented in it.
Integration of Offshore Renewable Energy into the Grid: Technological and Regulatory Challenges
The integration of offshore renewable energy, including wind, wave, and tidal energy, into the electrical grid presents significant technological and regulatory challenges that must be addressed to fully realize the potential of these resources. the critical issues associated with the grid integration of offshore renewable energy systems, focusing on the technological advancements necessary for efficient and reliable energy transmission, as well as the regulatory frameworks that govern these processes. Key technological challenges include the development of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems, advanced grid infrastructure, and energy storage solutions that can manage the variability and intermittency of offshore energy sources. On the regulatory side, the complexities of coordinating international grid connections, standardizing technical requirements, and ensuring compliance with environmental and safety standards. Additionally, the role of policy incentives and international cooperation in overcoming these challenges is analyzed. The need for a coordinated approach that involves technological innovation, regulatory alignment, and stakeholder collaboration to ensure the successful integration of offshore renewable energy into the grid. This integration is crucial for achieving a sustainable and resilient energy system capable of meeting future energy demands.
Italian Migration and Settlement in the Province of Constantine during the Colonial Period (1861–1911): Demographic Transformations and Economic Functions in the Context of French Colonial Policy
This article examines Italian migration and settlement in the province of Constantine during the colonial period between 1861 and 1911, in the broader context of French colonial policy and the demographic and economic transformations experienced by Algeria. It seeks to analyze the place of Italian migration within the wider movement of non‑French European migration, and to clarify its functional role in supporting the colonial project, particularly in a province characterized by a relatively weak French presence in terms of settlement. The article is based on a critical analysis of statistical data issued by both the French colonial administration and the Italian authorities, comparing them in order to uncover the dynamics of migration and settlement and to explain the reasons for discrepancies in the figures. It also discusses the economic and social factors that drove Italians—especially those from southern Italy and the Po Valley—to migrate to Algeria in the context of economic crises, unequal land distribution, and political upheavals. The findings show that the province of Constantine formed a major pole of Italian settlement. Italians were concentrated primarily in coastal towns and in areas connected to ports and mines, where they worked in key economic sectors such as fishing, mining, public works, and construction. The article concludes that Italian settlement was not merely a demographic phenomenon, but rather a structural element that contributed to reshaping the province’s demographic and economic fabric within the framework of French colonial policy.
Health Culture Between The Countryside And The City
In medicine, rural health or rural medicine is the interdisciplinary study of health and health care delivery in rural environments. The concept of rural health incorporates many fields, including wilderness medicine, geography, midwifery, nursing, sociology, economics, and telehealth or telemedicine. [1] Rural populations often experience health disparities and greater barriers in access to healthcare compared to urban populations.[2][3] Globally, rural populations face increased burdens of noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, contributing to worse health outcomes and higher mortality rates.[4] Factors contributing to these health disparities include remote geography, increased rates of health risk behaviors, lower population density, decreased health insurance coverage among the population, lack of health infrastructure, and work force demographics.[3][5][6] People living in rural areas also tend to have less education, lower socioeconomic status, and higher rates of alcohol and smoking when compared to their urban counterparts.[7] Additionally, the rate of poverty is higher in rural populations globally, contributing to health disparities due to an inability to access healthy foods, healthcare, and housing.[8][9] Many countries have made it a priority to increase funding for research on rural health.[10][11] These research efforts are designed to help identify the healthcare needs of rural communities and provide policy solutions to ensure those needs are met.
A comparative analysis of consumer psychology of Generation X, Y & Z co-relating to digital consumption
Digital consumption has developed as a crucial & distinctive characteristic of modern-day consumer behaviour, moulded meaningfully by psychological progressions and generational variances. This study showcases a relative examination of consumer mindset correlated to digital consumption among Generation X, Generation Y (Millennials) and Generation Z. Rooted in consumer psychology model and generational cohort study, the paper examines how differences in principles, cognitive processing, emotive factors, technological revelation and community stimuluses trigger distinctive digital consumption behaviour across these groups. Tracing the subject from topical literatures, this study discovers the interrelationship amid consumer thinking process, generational distinctiveness and digitalization besides examining & evaluating variances in trust formation, stimulation, decision-making aptitudes and level of interaction with digital platforms. The findings divulge that Generation X validates logical, ethics-oriented and risk-averse digital behaviour; Generation Y balances coherent assessment with emotional and social engagement; while Generation Z displays identity centrical, peer-influenced and impulsive digital consumption patterns. The analysis accentuates the inevitability for distinguished digital marketing and engagement strategies modelled to understand generational psychology. This acumen offers substantial implications for market professionals, platform creators and policymakers functioning in digital marketplaces.
Effectiveness of School-Based Physical Education Programs on Long Jump Performance in Middle School Students
School curricula and physical education (PE) programs serve as fundamental tools for promoting motor skill development and sport-specific performance in adolescents. Despite its inclusion in the official PE curriculum, empirical evidence on school-based long jump programs in Algeria remains limited. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a structured long jump instructional program on performance outcomes in fourth-year middle school students in Biskra, Algeria. A descriptive pre-post design was implemented with 164 students (74 boys, 90 girls; age range 14-17 years) enrolled in three public middle schools. Long jump performance was assessed before and after a 9-session instructional program specifically oriented toward technical and physical components of the long jump, integrated into regular PE classes. Each session lasted approximately 60 minutes and was delivered once per week. The intervention focused on four phases: approach, take-off, flight, and landing. Paired-sample t-tests were used to assess pre-post changes, with significance set at p < 0.01. For boys, mean performance increased from 3.27 m (SD = 0.67) to 3.43 m (SD = 0.66), with a very strong correlation between pre- and post-test scores (r = 0.87) and a statistically significant paired t-test (t = -4.071, p < 0.01). For girls, mean performance improved from 2.30 m (SD = 0.53) to 2.43 m (SD = 0.49), with a strong correlation (r = 0.785) and a significant t-value (t = -3.638, p < 0.01). A structured, curriculum-based long jump program can significantly enhance performance in both sexes at the middle school level. The results support the integration of technically focused and anthropometrically informed content into school physical education curricula.
Innovative Materials in Sustainable Construction: A Study on the Future of Eco-Friendly Building Materials
With the increasing need for urban growth and the simultaneous need to reduce environmental effect, the construction sector is at a crossroads. One of the most important ways to promote sustainable building practices is by using innovative materials. These materials offer eco-friendly choices that reduce carbon emissions, waste, and energy usage. future of innovative construction materials that aid in green building initiatives, with an emphasis on these materials' qualities, performance, and life cycle evaluations. The potential of materials like self-healing concrete, recycled aggregates, and bio-based composites to improve building durability and energy efficiency while decreasing environmental impact is investigated. difficulties and hurdles that must be surmounted in order for these materials to be widely used, such as financial considerations, legal constraints, and technological constraints. This study offers a thorough outlook on how these materials could change the future of construction by analysing the existing research and real-world applications. In addition, the part that new ideas and technology play in propelling the building sector towards more sustainable practices, which in turn aid in the worldwide movement towards more resilient and environmentally friendly constructed environments.
Aspects of the Axiological Discourse in al-Jāḥiẓ’s Thought in Light of Ibrāhīm al-Sakran’s Critique: A Presentation and Evaluation
This research paper examines the manāqibī (virtue-oriented) discourse of al-Jāḥiẓ by tracing his method of "elevation and diminution" (al-rafʿ wa-l-khafḍ) as a mechanism for shaping the moral and intellectual portraits of individuals and ideas. The study approaches this discourse in light of Ibrāhīm al-Sukrān's critique in his book, The Modernist Interpretation of Heritage, highlighting his key observations on al-Jāḥiẓ's methodology and his stance toward scholars and theologians. It presents a balanced analytical and evaluative reading that blends rhetorical analysis with intellectual inquiry, concluding that al-Jāḥiẓ's discourse, for all its intellectual and rhetorical richness, can involve a falsification of truth, while al-Sukrān's reading of it is not without its own generalizations and doctrinal projections.
The Asymmetric Impact of Oil Price Fluctuations on Public Expenditure Policy in Algeria during the Period 2000–2023: An Empirical Study Using the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) Model
This study aims to analyze and measure the asymmetric impact of crude oil price fluctuations on the responsiveness of fiscal policy, represented by public expenditure in Algeria, over the period 2000–2023. The nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model is employed to examine the short- and long-run dynamics of this relationship, alongside tests for asymmetry and shock analysis. The empirical findings reveal the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between public expenditure and both positive and negative oil price shocks. Moreover, the results confirm the presence of an asymmetric effect of oil price fluctuations on public expenditure in both the short and long run. It is further observed that Algeria’s fiscal policy exhibits a stronger responsiveness to positive oil price shocks in the medium and long term compared to its response to negative shocks.
Feminist Philosophy and The Forgetting of Feminine Being
Feminist philosophy represents one of the most prominent contemporary critical approaches to interrogating the epistemic structures that have consolidated patriarchal dominance and Western centrism in the formation of human consciousness. However, despite its emancipatory aspirations and its endeavour to redistribute epistemological authority, this project confronts a profound ontological problem concerning the position of the feminine within its own discourse. While feminism has laboured to liberate 'woman' as a social and historical construct, the question of feminism as a mode of being that exceeds the horizon of gendered representation has remained subject to forgetting or conceptual displacement. This problem manifests in three principal configurations. First, an anthropological death becomes apparent in the reproduction of stereotypical representations of women under the guise of transcending them. Second, ideological death emerges when feminist discourse is transformed into a closed system that loses its capacity for self-critique and reproduces mechanisms of exclusion in inverted form. Third, epistemological death is reflected in the limitations of the analytical tools employed, which are unable to encompass the existential and cultural complexity of the feminine experience. This study seeks to deconstruct these three levels through an interrogative approach that reconsiders the relationships among women, feminists, and the world. In so doing, it aims to reopen the question of feminism within an ontological horizon that moves beyond binaries of power and metaphysical oppositions and to retrieve feminism as a horizon of understanding rather than merely an object of representation.
Advancements in Natural Language Processing: Applications in Healthcare and Legal Tech
A branch of AI known as Natural text Processing (NLP) has been making great strides recently, allowing computers to comprehend, decipher, and produce human-sounding text with more and more precision. These advancements have sparked revolutionary uses in many fields, most notably healthcare and legal technology. Natural language processing (NLP) is enhancing clinical decision support systems, automating medical documentation, and enabling better communication between healthcare practitioners, all of which are transforming patient care. Tools based on natural language processing (NLP) can improve research, treatment planning, and diagnosis by analysing medical literature and electronic health records (EHRs) to derive useful insights. Natural language processing (NLP) is revolutionising the legal industry by developing more efficient and cost-effective solutions for law firms and corporate legal departments. These solutions streamline document analysis, contract evaluation, legal research, and compliance monitoring. Natural language processing (NLP) is helping the legal industry automate mundane processes and make more complicated decisions with less room for human mistake. This is boosting productivity and freeing up attorneys to focus on more strategic matters. up-to-date developments in natural language processing (NLP) systems, such as deep learning models and transformer-based architectures, and the revolutionary uses of these systems in healthcare and legal technology. It delves further into the difficulties of implementing NLP, including topics such data protection, the necessity of domain-specific models, and the incorporation into preexisting processes. While resolving the technical, ethical, and regulatory obstacles to broad adoption, natural language processing (NLP) has the ability to greatly improve the healthcare and legal sectors.
The Presumed Element in Corruption Offenses
Criminal law has expanded the concept of the public official beyond the scope defined in administrative law, owing to the distinct nature and objectives of each branch of law. Administrative law is regulatory in character, aiming to organize the relationship between the individual and the government, whereas criminal law is punitive, with the primary goal of protecting rights and curbing crime. While administrative law focuses on the legal status of the public employee, establishing it on a regulatory legal basis to delineate the rights and obligations of such employees, criminal law places greater emphasis on the relationship between the public official and the state as the expression of its will. Consequently, the objective of anti-corruption legislation in adopting an expansive approach is to encompass categories not deemed public officials under administrative law. This expansion seeks to capture all individuals who enjoy the status of public official or its equivalent, operating within a broad domain to encompass all forms of corruption and hold accountable any official who manipulates their position for financial gain and betrays the presumed trust vested in them.
Securing the Future: Advances in Quantum Cryptography Protocols
Quantum cryptography represents a transformative approach to securing communication in the digital age, leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics to provide unprecedented levels of security. advances in quantum cryptography protocols, focusing on their development, implementation, and potential impact on future communication systems. Key protocols such as Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), including BB84 and E91, are examined in detail, highlighting their mechanisms for ensuring secure key exchange. advancements in continuous-variable QKD, device-independent QKD, and quantum encryption algorithms. Additionally, the integration of quantum cryptography with classical cryptographic systems is discussed, emphasizing hybrid approaches that enhance overall security. Experimental implementations and field trials are analyzed to assess the practicality and scalability of these protocols in real-world scenarios. Challenges such as quantum noise, error rates, and technological limitations are addressed, along with potential solutions and future research directions. By securing communication channels against eavesdropping and cyber threats, quantum cryptography has the potential to revolutionize information security, paving the way for a safer digital future.
Reframing Climate-Finance Governance: The emerging role of BRICS Institutions in the Global South
The Climate finance flows is far short to achieve the Paris Agreement goals. Developing countries face many hurdles in addressing issues related to affordable and adequate climate finance. More often than not, the reasons are external debt paying capacity and economic volatility. The paper discusses how BRICS nations could offer an alternative to decrease reliance on policy shifts and finance of Annex II nations and augment the climate resilient growth by solidarity driven agenda. This paper performs Institutional analysis, explores how BRICS can promote climate finance and reduce reliance on Annex II countries. Particular attention has been given by the authors to the role of BRICS-led institutions like New Development Bank, sovereign wealth fund and contingent fund along with advocacy for inclusive growth by voting for external debt restricting of developing economies to allow fiscal room for green investment. The paper advocates that BRICS nations has the potential solution for an equitable development of the Global South.
The Influence of Cultural Trends on Global Fashion Markets: A Comparative Study of Western and Eastern Fashion Trends
Cultural trends have a profound impact on the fashion industry as a whole, moulding tastes, opinions, and the dynamics of markets around the world. how cultural shifts impact international fashion marketplaces by comparing and contrasting Western and Eastern styles. This study compares and contrasts Western and Eastern design trends and consumer behaviours by looking at the cultural, social, and economic aspects that influence fashion consumption in both areas. It then looks at how cultural values, traditions, and societal norms impact these trends. Learn how international fashion houses adapt their business practices to local tastes by conducting in-depth interviews with industry insiders and surveying local consumers. The part that globalisation plays in easing cultural exchanges in the fashion industry, allowing for the mutual impact of Eastern and Western styles. While Western design tends to be more individualistic, trend-driven, and informal, Eastern fashion trends tend to be more traditional, handcrafted, and deeply rooted in cultural heritage, according to the findings. Finally, the study delves into what these cultural distinctions mean for fashion firms, arguing that it's essential to grasp cultural subtleties in order to create effective worldwide marketing strategies that appeal to different types of consumers.
From Impulsive Consumption to Sustainable Choice: Social Media Marketing and the SDG 12 Agenda
This study examines the relationship between social media driven impulsive consumption and responsible consumption objectives under Sustainable Development Goal 12, with specific reference to India. Secondary and archival data has been used in this study and analyses have been carried out to identify the trends in digital connectivity and material consumption and also to understand sustainability pressures linked to expanding online consumption. The findings show that rising internet penetration in India is accompanied by increasing material resource use, indicating growing consumption intensity. At the same time, major digital platforms have introduced transparency and responsible marketing initiatives, although these remain largely voluntary. The study highlights the resulting gap between rapid digital consumption growth and sustainability objectives and discusses the role of policy and marketing frameworks in guiding digital choice environments toward sustainable consumption. By linking platform-driven marketing practices with macro-level SDG 12 indicators, the study offers a policy-oriented perspective on digital consumption sustainability in emerging economies. The paper concludes that coordinated efforts among regulators, platforms, and marketers are necessary to support responsible digital consumption and long-term environmental sustainability.
Institutional Culture in Generational Thinking: An Economic‒Anthropological Approach (University Students’ Perceptions of Entrepreneurial Thought at the University of Oran 2)
This study seeks to shed light on institutional culture and on what institutions should consider and actively engage with rather than rely on expectations detached from a scientific strategy. This is manifested in how institutions interact with and adapt to the internal and external conditions in which they operate. Our focus is specifically on university students, whose perceptions of entrepreneurial thought in general are examined from an economic-anthropological perspective. This choice is grounded in several considerations, foremost among them the view of the university as an academic space that fosters an open-minded outlook among students, enabling them to establish their own ventures. The integration of the economic and anthropological fields does not merely concern production and the resolution of economic problems; rather, by bringing these two fields together, it becomes possible to uncover the processes of production, exchange, and patterns of consumption within their social contexts. Among the principal findings of our study are that institutions rely on scientific methods and approaches and establish incentive systems to encourage Algerian youth to move beyond fear and hesitation to build their own projects. In other words, institutions must foster a culture that nurtures creativity and an entrepreneurial spirit among young people. In this sense, the institution is a cultural-economic entity that reproduces the structure of society in accordance with its customs and traditions. The success of any institution is therefore closely linked to effective communication among individuals.
The Authenticity of The Genetic Fingerprint in Algerian Law
It is known that every scientific development is accompanied by a social development, in order to adapt to the current reality, and from this perspective, we find that the legislator amends the provisions of the law, as it is a common social phenomenon that is affected and adapts to the prevailing situation of social relations within society, and there is no doubt that the lineage occupies priority in those relations, as long as the most powerful relationships that come from the blood link, and therefore the people of law must highlight more the subject of the genetic footprint, so the legislator is called for the enactment of legal rules that are in line with the size of scientific development to overcome the barriers and traditional rules and their restrictions. The Algerian legislator of other comparative legislation keeps pace with scientific and technological development, and seeks to modernize the judiciary in relying on modern and more accurate means in the field of proving descent to preserve the child's right to identity by proving his lineage.
The Impact of FOMO, Instant Gratification, and Social Validation on Consumer Behavior in Online Marketing
As the digital platforms are growing fast, the online consumer purchase behaviour is becoming more and more influenced by social and psychological factors in addition to the traditional demographics. Based on the viewpoints of behavioural and social influence, this paper discusses how the fear of missing out (FOMO), instant gratification, and social validation affect the online consumer purchase behaviour, factoring in the demographic variations. Primarily, data were collected by the utilisation of a quantitative, cross-sectional research approach, where an online survey was carried out on 380 consumers aged between 20 and 40 who had completed an online purchase in the last month. The instrument used to measure was valid scales, which were modified with respect to the previous research works, and data were analysed under the SPSS. Demographic differences were evaluated with the help of one-way ANOVA, and the relationships proposed were evaluated with the help of the linear regression analysis. The results indicate that demographic factors have a great impact on the online purchase behaviour, which proves the existing validity of demographic segmentation in online markets. In addition, fear of missing out, instant gratification, and social validation have a statistically significant positive impact on online consumer purchase behaviour and underscore the influence of emotional urgency, immediacy, and influence of peers in digital decision-making. The research adds to the social literature of online consumer behaviour through the incorporation of the demographic and psychological motivators into one empirical ground. In terms of managerial implications, the findings place an emphasis on the need to create online marketing campaigns that make use of the urgency indicators, convenience, and the social proof to increase consumer involvement and likelihood to purchase. The research also provides the future research directions in digitally mediated consumption situations.
Rules and Mechanisms for Researching the Scientific Miracles of the Holy Quran
Scientific miracles are a new research method adopted by scholars to open new doors for interpreting the Holy Quran, clarifying its meanings, explaining its ambiguous verses, and adding new knowledge through the method of scientific miracles in the Holy Quran. Since this method is new, researchers and scholars are divided between those who support adopting this method, considering it, and believing its results and theories, and those who oppose it, considering it an intrusion into the science of interpretation. Uncertain scientific theories cannot be relied upon as a means of interpreting the Quran, demonstrating its truthfulness, and its certain source being Allah Almighty. The problem posed in this research is : How can we examine the set of sound methodological rules and mechanisms adopted in researching the scientific miracles in the Holy Quran? This is done through the established objectives, the most important of which is to clarify the sound method for interpreting the Holy Quran, establish precise rules for researching the scientific miracles of the Holy Quran, arrive at accurate results in interpreting the Holy Quran, and answer emerging scientific questions and jurisprudential issues. This research was presented using a descriptive and analytical approach to texts, employing the induction mechanism through collecting and explaining texts. If the rules and mechanisms are used within the correct methodology and in accordance with the controls established in the science of interpretation, the results obtained can be adopted within the scientific approach to the miraculous nature of the Holy Quran.
Forecasting Stock Market Volatility Using AI Models: An Analytical Study of the Damascus Securities Exchange with LSTM Algorithm
The study aimed to forecast stock prices and price movements in the Damascus Securities Exchange using advanced artificial intelligence models, specifically Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. It employed two groups of technical variables to achieve this objective: the first group included closing and opening prices, along with short- and long-term Exponential Moving Averages (EMA), to predict the next day’s stock price, while the second group used the Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) indicator to forecast the future direction of price movements. The empirical application was conducted on the DWX index as a representative of the entire study population, based on daily data covering the period from 2019 to 2022. The study reached significant findings that are consistent with global trends in financial forecasting using artificial intelligence. The implemented LSTM model exhibited very high predictive accuracy, as the arithmetic means of the predicted values (DWX closing values and MACD values for the test period) were almost identical to the arithmetic means of the actual realized values, reflecting the model’s ability to capture complex patterns in financial time series. These results are in line with recent international evidence, including empirical studies on the S&P 500 and emerging markets, which report prediction accuracies exceeding 90% for LSTM-based models when combined with technical indicators such as EMA and MACD
Microplastics in Aquatic Systems: Detection, Degradation, and Toxicological Implications
Due to their persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential health hazards, microplastics—plastic particles smaller than 5 mm—have become widespread contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. Primary sources like microbeads in personal care items and secondary sources like plastic trash broken down by physical, chemical, and biological processes cause their ubiquitous presence. microscopy, FTIR, Raman, and Py-GC/MS strengths and weaknesses, and microplastic detection and characterisation in freshwater and marine environments. Barriers to effective measurement include separating microplastics from natural particles and standardizing sample techniques. While photodegradation, chemical oxidation, and microbial biodegradation may reduce microplastic buildup in natural aquatic environments, their efficacy is questionable. Microplastics' physical and chemical effects on aquatic species including plankton and fish, as well as their potential to transport heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, and diseases, are examined. Seafood eating may cause trophic transfer, oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic disturbance, according to laboratory research.
Digital Transformation of Civil Justice and Its Impact on Fair Trial Guarantees: An Analytical, Descriptive, and Comparative Study
This study aims to analyze the reality of digital transformation in civil justice and its impact on fair trial guarantees, in the context of the accelerated adoption of technological tools (electronic filing, remote hearings, artificial intelligence) following the COVID-19 pandemic. It focuses on the extent to which these systems can enhance efficiency and access to justice without compromising the principles of publicity, equality of arms, effective defense rights, and privacy, as stipulated in international instruments (Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 14 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights). The research adopts an analytical, descriptive, and comparative methodology, drawing on prior studies and international experiences (Portugal with RAL+ and Magistratus platforms) and national ones (Algeria through Laws 15-03 and 20-04). It reveals that digital transformation achieves significant advantages in accelerating procedures and reducing costs, yet it raises challenges such as digital exclusion, lack of transparency, and privacy risks. The study concludes with the necessity of a comprehensive legislative framework, secure infrastructure, and periodic human rights impact assessments to achieve balanced digital justice.
The Effect of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Adoption on Financial Transparency
The adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) has become an important milestone in the process of improving the comparability and transparency of worldwide financial transactions. evaluating the influence that the adoption of IFRS has had on the quality and reliability of financial reporting, as well as the effect that it has had on the financial transparency across various areas. The study investigates how the standardisation of financial reporting might improve the uniformity, accuracy, and comprehensibility of financial statements. This is accomplished by analysing the experiences of nations that have implemented the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Concerns pertaining to training, legal frameworks, and the cultural acceptance of new financial reporting procedures are among the challenges and benefits associated with the move from local accounting standards to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). In this study, the influence of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on investor confidence, corporate governance, and market efficiency is evaluated through the use of case studies from both developed and emerging markets. The findings indicate that although the implementation of IFRS results in a significant improvement in financial transparency, the effectiveness of this improvement is contingent on a number of conditions, including the degree of market maturity and the robustness of enforcement mechanisms. In order to maximise the potential of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) to promote financial openness and global market integration, policy ideas are being offered to improve the implementation of IFRS, particularly in emerging economies.
Digital Governance of Heritage: Towards a Modern Model for Managing Archaeological Sites
The management of archaeological sites has evolved significantly in the digital era, where traditional governance approaches are increasingly complemented by information technologies. This paper examines the concept of digital governance for heritage sites, highlighting how modern tools such as digital mapping, virtual tours, and database management systems enhance the preservation, accessibility, and administration of cultural heritage. It proposes a modern model for managing archaeological sites that integrates technology with institutional governance frameworks, ensuring sustainability, transparency, and community engagement. The study emphasizes the interplay between digital tools, policy implementation, and stakeholder participation to achieve efficient and ethical heritage management.
Bilingual Education: Benefits and Challenges in Multilingual Societies
Bilingual education in multilingual societies like India presents both significant benefits and challenges. This research paper explores the advantages of bilingual education, such as cognitive development, cultural preservation, and economic opportunities, as well as the obstacles, including resource constraints, linguistic hierarchies, and policy implementation. By examining case studies and academic research within the Indian context, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of bilingual education's role in enhancing educational outcomes and social cohesion.
Philosophy and the Challenge of the Environmental Crisis: Its Future Direction
Environmental philosophers can illuminate a variety of distinctive concepts that underlie our environmental crisis. This is achieved through examining both the material effects of human beings on the planet and the individuals who have produced those effects. Historically, the relationship between human beings and nature has passed through three historical stages: from mere dependence upon the forces of nature and their veneration to anthropocentrism, in which human beings believe themselves to be the masters of nature, and then to the contemporary era, a new epoch in which development and the environment are called upon to exist in harmony. From a theoretical perspective, reflecting on environmental ethics from a philosophical standpoint is highly important. Such reflection helps people better understand the source of the environmental crisis and raises public awareness of environmental issues. The study concludes that the field of environmental philosophy can renew its research orientation and content so that its ultimate mission does not diverge from environmental reality. Rather, it engages with the current state of ecological nature and social development, transforms people's behavior and conceptions of environmental protection, and establishes effective methods and measures to improve the relationships between human beings and nature and between nature and society.
The Legal Nature of the Intelligent Electronic Agent in Electronic Transactions: Concepts and Challenges
The intelligent electronic agent constitutes one of the most significant manifestations of artificial intelligence deployment in the legal sphere. It refers to a second-generation digital software program, grounded in artificial intelligence, installed on automated devices to execute designated tasks and autonomously render decisions in the formation of electronic contracts. This technology profoundly influences both the digital ecosystem and the legal landscape. The present study delineates the legal nature of the intelligent electronic agent and elucidates the contemporary legal challenges attendant upon its utilization. It examines the persistent discrepancy between technological progress and prevailing legislative frameworks, with particular emphasis on critical issues including legal liability, data protection, and the validity of electronic contracts. The analysis culminates in several key findings. Foremost among them is the recognition that attributing independent legal personality to the intelligent electronic agent remains a profoundly intricate proposition. While the agent exhibits notable autonomy, initiative, environmental interaction, and capacity to engage in contract formation, it remains inextricably tethered to the human programmer or operator who designed or deploys it. Consequently, the study underscores the imperative to remedy existing legislative lacunae by accommodating innovative contracting modalities—such as those facilitated by intelligent agents—and integrating them as integral components of the contemporary legal order.
Life Cycle Assessment of Electric Vehicles: Environmental Benefits and Hidden Costs
The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) is widely regarded as a key strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change. However, a comprehensive evaluation of their true environmental performance requires a full life cycle assessment (LCA) that considers emissions and resource use from raw material extraction to end-of-life disposal. the environmental impacts of electric vehicles across four primary stages: battery material extraction and processing, vehicle manufacturing, operational use, and recycling or disposal. EVs typically generate significantly lower tailpipe emissions compared to internal combustion engine vehicles, their overall environmental advantages depend heavily on electricity generation sources, battery chemistry, and production practices. Battery manufacturing, particularly lithium-ion battery production, contributes substantially to energy consumption, water use, and carbon emissions. Additionally, the extraction of critical minerals such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel raises concerns related to ecological degradation, resource depletion, and supply chain ethics.
Procedural Specificity of Illicit Speculation According to Law N°: 21-15
Special Law n°: 21-15 on combating illicit speculation consists of two parts. The substantive part includes the criminalisation of illicit speculation in all its forms, as well as the penalties provided for therein, and the procedural part includes a series of measures and procedures before and after the initiation of public action. The enactment of the Act allowed Parliament to adopt a criminal policy that was entirely different from that which was usually practised. Therefore, the measures taken are geared towards the prevention of the commission of the crime on the one hand, and on the other hand, the special procedures permit the prosecution of perpetrators linked to illicit speculation, according to specific procedures adapted to the scale and gravity of the crime, given that the latter is classified as a serious economic crime that can cause scarcity and undermine the food security of the state, as well as the purchasing power of citizens by creating market disturbances and disturbing the balance of supply and demand.
International Legal Protection of Human Dignity
The international human rights system is based on a set of international conventions and bodies concerned with their protection. Human dignity, as an inherent right linked to the individual, is among the most important rights under this protection, as it represents one of the greatest challenges facing the international community, particularly because the concept of human dignity is broad and depends on the legal and political system of each state. International legal efforts have codified the protection and respect of human dignity by promoting a dignified life for individuals without discrimination based on race, religion, sex, or social status.
The Role of Corporate Governance in Preventing Accounting Fraud
Accounting fraud continues to pose a serious threat to the credibility of financial reporting and the stability of capital markets. High-profile corporate failures have demonstrated how weak oversight structures and ineffective governance mechanisms can allow fraudulent financial practices to go undetected. the role of corporate governance in preventing accounting fraud by analyzing the effectiveness of board oversight, audit committees, internal control systems, ownership structure, and external audit quality. how governance mechanisms function as monitoring and control tools designed to reduce agency conflicts between management and shareholders. Particular attention is given to the independence and expertise of board members, the financial literacy and activity level of audit committees, and the robustness of internal control frameworks. The study also considers the influence of regulatory reforms and ethical corporate culture in strengthening accountability and transparency.
Assessing the Impact of Yoga Tourism on Psychological Wellbeing of Tourists: A Case Study of Rishikesh, India.
The research titled "Assessing the Impact of Yoga Tourism on Psychological Wellbeing of Tourists: A Case Study of Rishikesh, India" analyzed the effects of yoga programs on the mental and emotional wellbeing of 50 visitors, who were from different age groups, gender, education levels and had different yoga experience. The results from the structured questionnaires and interviews indicated that yoga tourism has a major impact on the wellbeing of the tourists, and the participants have reported the following: Stress levels reduction (76%), Emotional balance improvement (70%), Concentration and focus increase (66%), and Positivity and life satisfaction improvement (80%). Staying longer in Rishikesh and doing yoga and meditation continuously were factors that contributed to the reduction of stress, while both new and seasoned yogis reported taking up the practice in a meaningful way.
Digital Diplomacy in Algerian Foreign Policy as a Mechanism to Support African Integration: Theoretical, Critical, and Implementation Roadmap Dimensions
This article investigates how digital diplomacy can be strategically deployed within Algeria's foreign policy framework to bolster African integration projects amid intensifying competition for continental digital space. The analysis departs from a central observation: Algeria's digital footprint across Africa remains modest and disproportionate to its political and geostrategic stature, resulting in a pronounced gap between its traditional diplomacy and digital-mediated influence capabilities. The article employs a multi-layered theoretical framework integrating Joseph Nye's Soft Power theory, Anne-Marie Slaughter's Network Diplomacy, the New World Information and Communication Order, Barry Buzan's Regional Security Complex approach, and Digital Colonialism theory to elucidate power asymmetries in the emerging African digital landscape. These perspectives highlight that Africa has evolved beyond a mere geopolitical arena into a contested domain for data control, digital infrastructures, and public opinion shaping, dominated by state actors (China, Turkey, France, Israel) and non-state players (social media platforms, digital influencers). A critical historical review traces the evolution of Algerian communication strategy from 1962 to 2025, underscoring the sluggish institutionalization of digital diplomacy. Key deficiencies include the lack of multilingual platforms, poor coordination between media and diplomatic entities, and absence of a coherent narrative-building strategy around "African Algeria" or "Algeria as a regional pole." The study maps the African digital ecosystem, revealing that competition now encompasses infrastructure, smart services, and cyber surveillance. China advances via its Digital Silk Road; France leverages targeted media like France24 Africa; Turkey deploys cultural-religious diplomacy through TRT Africa; Israel utilizes cyber technologies for non-traditional influence; and African digital sovereignty initiatives emerge to counter Western-Eastern dominance. The article underscores digital diplomacy's role in advancing flagship African integration initiatives, notably: The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) through awareness campaigns; Energy/transport connectivity projects like the Nigeria-Algeria pipeline; Pan-African University (PAU) as a unified digital academic platform; African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) via early-warning digital systems; Shared African content platforms to amplify continental narratives; AI-driven sentiment analysis of African digital public opinion. The article concludes with actionable policy recommendations for Algerian decision-makers, advocating a comprehensive Algerian-African Digital Diplomacy Strategy encompassing multilingual content development, joint data centers, cyber capacity enhancement, and digital media investments across Africa to reposition Algeria as a pivotal digital influencer on the continent.
Digital Banking and Customer Financial Behavior
The rapid expansion of digital banking has fundamentally transformed the way individuals interact with financial institutions and manage their personal finances. This review article critically examines contemporary literature published between 2019 and 2026 to analyze the impact of digital banking adoption on customer financial behavior. Drawing on insights from behavioral finance, technology acceptance theories, and socio-economic perspectives, the study synthesizes existing research on how digital banking influences saving, spending, borrowing, and payment behaviors. The review reveals that digital banking enhances convenience, accessibility, and real-time financial awareness, thereby increasing customer engagement with formal financial systems. However, the findings also highlight mixed behavioral outcomes, with evidence of both improved financial planning and heightened risks of impulsive spending, over-borrowing, and reduced self-control. Psychological factors such as cognitive biases, trust, and perceived risk, along with technological features like interface design, automation, and digital nudges, play a crucial mediating role in shaping these behaviors. Additionally, socio-economic characteristics and digital literacy levels significantly moderate behavioral responses to digital banking. The review identifies key gaps in the literature, particularly the lack of integrative frameworks that simultaneously address technological, psychological, and socio-economic dimensions of financial behavior. The study concludes that digital banking is not behaviorally neutral and emphasizes the need for responsible digital design, consumer protection, and inclusive policies to ensure that digital banking contributes to sustainable financial well-being
Structural Inequities in Central Armed Police Forces: A Legal and Empirical Analysis of Service Conditions, Pension Disparities, and Career Progression in India
The Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs) constitute the backbone of India’s internal security framework, performing critical functions ranging from border guarding and counter-insurgency operations to riot control, disaster response, and election security. Despite their indispensable role and exposure to high-risk operational environments, CAPF personnel continue to face significant structural inequities in comparison to their counterparts in the Armed Forces. These inequities are reflected in disparities in pension systems, career progression opportunities, service conditions, and welfare frameworks. This research paper undertakes a comprehensive legal and empirical analysis of the systemic challenges faced by CAPFs, with particular emphasis on pension disparities arising from the implementation of the New Pension Scheme (NPS), stagnation in promotions due to pyramidal rank structures, and the limitations of the Modified Assured Career Progression (MACP) scheme. Using secondary data from the Bureau of Police Research & Development (BPR&D), Ministry of Home Affairs reports, Parliamentary Standing Committee observations, and relevant legal frameworks, the study examines how these structural deficiencies impact morale, efficiency, and post-retirement security of CAPF personnel. The paper further evaluates the issue through the lens of constitutional principles, particularly Article 14 of the Constitution of India, which guarantees equality before law, and examines whether differential treatment between the Armed Forces and CAPFs satisfies the test of reasonable classification. The findings reveal that despite comparable service risks and operational burdens, CAPFs remain institutionally disadvantaged due to fragmented welfare policies, lack of assured pension security, and limited avenues for career advancement. The study concludes by proposing a set of policy reforms to address these inequities, including pension restructuring, career progression reforms, and the introduction of recognition-based mechanisms. By integrating legal analysis with empirical data, this research contributes to the broader discourse on administrative justice, uniformed service parity, and institutional reform in India’s internal security apparatus.
The Impact of Agricultural Policy Implementation on Achieving Food Security in Algeria: A Case Study of the Saïda Region
This study aimed to measure the impact of implementing agricultural policies on achieving food security in Algeria through an applied study of the municipalities of Saïda Province during the 2019–2020 period. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach and relied on statistical analysis using SPSS software. The findings revealed a strong positive relationship between cereal production and several agricultural input variables, namely cultivated area, fertilized land, and pesticide use, with correlation coefficients of 0.914, 0.779, and 0.732, respectively. These relationships were found to be statistically significant. The results also indicated that the statistical model was significant (Sig < 0.05) and had a high explanatory power (R² = 0.917), meaning that 91.7% of the variation in cereal production can be explained by the variables included in the study, these findings confirm the effectiveness of agricultural support policies in improving production and strengthening local food security in the study area.
Advanced Nanomaterials for Energy Storage Applications
Advanced nanomaterials have emerged as a transformative class of materials for improving the performance and efficiency of modern energy storage systems. With the growing global demand for sustainable energy solutions, conventional materials used in batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells often face limitations related to energy density, charge–discharge rates, and long-term stability. Nanomaterials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, metal oxides, and nanostructured composites offer unique physical and chemical properties, including high surface area, enhanced electrical conductivity, and improved electrochemical activity. These characteristics significantly enhance the storage capacity and cycling performance of energy storage devices. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have enabled the development of novel electrode materials and hybrid nanostructures that improve ion transport and electron mobility. For instance, graphene-based materials and metal oxide nanoparticles have demonstrated superior performance in lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors due to their structural stability and high charge storage capability. Similarly, nanostructured materials are being widely explored in emerging energy storage technologies such as sodium-ion batteries and solid-state batteries.
Transformations of the Algerian Rural Landscape under the Laws of 1846–1851
The French settler project in Algeria was seen as the only solution to the country’s problems, particularly in the agricultural sector, due to its long-standing reputation in European society. Consequently, legal measures were employed to justify the exploitation of these lands, with numerous legislative laws being issued to provide various facilities and guarantees for settlers from different backgrounds, with the aim of achieving stability and development. Thus, the 1846 and 1851 laws were enacted to legitimise this initiative, as it became clear that the land was essential for ensuring the rural community’s continued dependency on it.
From Molecules to Medicine: Harnessing the Power of Structural Biology for Drug Discovery and Design
"From Molecules to Medicine: Harnessing the Power of Structural Biology for Drug Discovery and Design" delves into the transformative role of structural biology in revolutionizing the process of drug discovery and design. This paper explores how the elucidation of molecular structures at atomic resolution provides crucial insights into the mechanisms of disease and offers opportunities for the rational design of novel therapeutics. Structural biology serves as a powerful tool for understanding the molecular basis of disease, allowing researchers to visualize the three-dimensional architecture of biological molecules and their interactions with potential drug targets. From proteins to nucleic acids and beyond, structural insights provide a roadmap for identifying druggable binding sites, elucidating mechanisms of action, and optimizing drug potency and selectivity. Recent advancements in structural biology techniques, including X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), have expanded our ability to characterize biomolecular structures with unprecedented precision and speed. These cutting-edge technologies enable researchers to resolve complex macromolecular assemblies and dynamic protein-ligand interactions, paving the way for the development of next-generation therapeutics. Moreover, structural biology plays a central role in guiding rational drug design efforts, facilitating the optimization of lead compounds through structure-based drug design (SBDD) and fragment-based drug design (FBDD) approaches. By leveraging structural information to identify small molecule inhibitors, researchers can tailor drug candidates to target specific disease pathways with enhanced efficacy and reduced off-target effects.
The Politicization of Maritime Piracy in International Law A Dialectical Approach
Maritime piracy is an ancient crime with many distinctive characteristics that make it unique. It is an international or transnational crime due to its occurrence in the high seas, and it is also extremely dangerous considering the difficulty of providing relief to the individuals and assets subjected to piracy. Moreover, maritime piracy is highly perilous due to the frequent use of force as a means of robbery and attack on ships. This crime can have significant repercussions that may affect various security, social, and economic aspects of nations. Consequently, maritime piracy has garnered international, regional, and local attention, attracting the interest of journalists, jurists, and researchers. Alongside maritime piracy, there exists political crime, which is also of great importance and poses significant risks due to its connection to the security, political stability, and governance system of a state. These concepts (security, political stability, governance system) evoke international and jurisprudential opinions and positions.
Integrating Deep Learning and Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Intelligent Systems
Adaptive intelligent systems are designed to operate in dynamic environments by continuously learning from data and interactions. Deep Learning (DL) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) are two influential paradigms in Artificial Intelligence that have independently achieved remarkable success in perception, prediction, and decision-making tasks. Deep learning excels at representation learning from high-dimensional data, while reinforcement learning focuses on sequential decision-making through trial-and-error interactions with an environment. Integrating these two approaches has led to the emergence of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), enabling intelligent systems to learn complex behaviors directly from raw data. This paper examines the integration of deep learning and reinforcement learning for adaptive intelligent systems. It discusses core concepts, architectures, learning mechanisms, applications, challenges, and future research directions. The study argues that the combined use of DL and RL provides a powerful framework for building systems capable of perception, reasoning, and adaptation in real-world environments.
The Official Celebrations of the Zayyanid Authority in Tlemcen (633–962 AH/1235–1554 AD) – A Historical-Anthropological Approach
This study investigates the official celebrations calendar of the Zayyanid authority in Tlemcen (633–962 AH/1235–1554 AD) by examining its political, military, and religious processions through a combined historical and anthropological approach. Rather than focusing solely on the widely studied occasion of the Prophet’s birthday, the paper aims to inventory all celebrations the state considered official, classify them according to their nature, and describe their ceremonies and processions to uncover the symbolic contexts underlying them and how they were perceived by both the elite and the common populace. The findings reveal that certain ceremonial elements recurred across all celebrations regardless of their type—such as gunpowder volleys, displays of army strength, and the conspicuous manifestation of material and aesthetic disparities between ruler and ruled. The Zayyanid princes proved particularly inventive in their engagement mechanisms, from the silver tree of Abū Tāshfīn I to the manjānah clock associated with mawlid festivities under Abū Ḥammū Mūsā II. Contrary to Ibn Khaldūn’s characterization of the Zayyanid state as marked by Bedouinism and the absence of urban institutions, the study argues that their official celebrations displayed significant ceremonial sophistication. Religious occasions were strategically exploited to bolster legitimacy—through sanctifying the pillars of authority, reminding the public of shared Islamic origins, and consolidating the image of the ruler as the Caliph of the Muslims.
Cognitive Perspective on Attentional Biases in Anxiety Disorders
Attentional biases in anxiety disorders from a cognitive perspective, focusing on how selective attention processes contribute to the onset, maintenance, and exacerbation of anxiety symptoms. Attentional biases refer to the tendency for individuals with anxiety disorders to selectively attend to threatening or negative stimuli while ignoring neutral or positive information. This cognitive phenomenon plays a critical role in shaping cognitive processing styles, emotional reactivity, and behavioral responses in anxiety disorders. Cognitive theories propose that attentional biases arise from heightened sensitivity to threat cues and difficulties in disengaging attention from threat-related stimuli, processes mediated by interactions between bottom-up sensory inputs and top-down cognitive control mechanisms. Empirical research employing experimental paradigms such as the dot-probe task and emotional Stroop task consistently demonstrates that individuals with anxiety disorders exhibit faster reaction times and greater attentional engagement towards threat-related stimuli compared to non-anxious individuals. Neuroimaging studies further elucidate the neural underpinnings of attentional biases, implicating alterations in brain regions involved in threat detection, emotional regulation, and executive functions. Specifically, hyperactivity in the amygdala and disrupted connectivity with prefrontal cortical regions suggest compromised regulatory mechanisms that perpetuate attentional biases and contribute to heightened anxiety symptoms.
Didactics and Teaching Practices in Algerian Primary Schools: Challenges and Perspectives
This study examines didactics and teaching practices in Algerian primary schools, with a focus on the main challenges faced by teachers and the perspectives for improving instructional quality. It explores how didactic approaches are implemented in classroom settings and how they influence learners’ comprehension, motivation, and skill development. The research highlights structural, pedagogical, and contextual constraints affecting teaching effectiveness, including overcrowded classrooms, limited instructional resources, teacher training gaps, and curriculum rigidity. At the same time, it emphasizes ongoing reform efforts and pedagogical innovations aimed at improving learning outcomes. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to better understand the relationship between didactic strategies and classroom performance in the Algerian primary education context. Finally, it proposes perspectives for enhancing teaching practices through improved teacher training, learner-centered methodologies, and better integration of modern didactic tools.
Understanding Human Behavior in Changing Social Contexts
Human behavior is deeply influenced by the social environments in which individuals live and interact. In recent decades, rapid transformations in social contexts driven by technological advancements, globalization, urbanization, and cultural shifts have significantly altered patterns of human behavior. This paper aims to explore how changing social contexts shape individual attitudes, perceptions, and actions. It examines the role of social institutions, digital communication, peer influence, and cultural dynamics in modifying behavioral responses. The study adopts a descriptive and analytical approach, drawing upon established psychological theories such as social learning theory, cognitive dissonance, and ecological systems theory. It highlights how exposure to diverse social settings leads to adaptive as well as maladaptive behavioral changes, including shifts in identity formation, interpersonal relationships, and decision-making processes. Special attention is given to the impact of social media and virtual interactions on behavior, particularly among youth. The findings suggest that while evolving social contexts provide opportunities for personal growth, innovation, and increased social awareness, they also contribute to challenges such as stress, social comparison, and behavioral conflicts. Understanding these dynamics is essential for developing effective psychological interventions, educational strategies, and policies aimed at promoting mental well-being and positive social behavior.
Protection and Sustainability of Architectural Heritage Between Traditional Approaches and the Potential of Virtual Archaeology
This study explores the protection and sustainability of architectural heritage by examining the relationship between traditional conservation approaches and the emerging possibilities offered by virtual archaeology. Architectural heritage represents a vital component of cultural identity and historical memory, yet it is increasingly threatened by urban expansion, environmental degradation, conflict, and neglect. Traditional preservation methods, while essential, often face limitations in terms of documentation, accessibility, and long-term conservation. In this context, virtual archaeology emerges as an innovative tool that enables the digital documentation, reconstruction, and visualization of heritage sites using advanced technologies such as 3D modeling, laser scanning, and geographic information systems. The study aims to highlight how the integration of conventional methods with digital technologies can enhance heritage preservation strategies. It also emphasizes the importance of sustainability in heritage management by ensuring that cultural assets are preserved not only physically but also digitally for future generations. The research adopts an analytical approach to compare both paradigms and to propose a hybrid model that strengthens heritage protection through technological innovation and interdisciplinary cooperation.
Design and Fabrication of Scalable Quantum Circuits for Quantum Computation
Designing and building scalable quantum circuits that can effectively apply quantum algorithms is essential to the quick development of quantum computing technology. With an emphasis on different architectures including superconducting qubits, trapped ions, and topological qubits, this study provides an overview of the state-of-the-art in quantum circuit design as of right now. We go over the fundamentals of designing scalable quantum circuits, stressing the significance of qubit connection, error correction, and coherence maintenance. The study also discusses the sophisticated materials development, lithography, and etching processes used in the construction of these quantum circuits. We hope to shed light on the future of quantum computation and the steps required to create workable, large-scale quantum processors by analyzing recent developments and lingering difficulties in scaling quantum circuits. the vital role that multidisciplinary cooperation plays in closing the gap between theoretical developments and experimental application, which eventually opens the door for the development of reliable quantum computing systems.
The Relationship Between Communication Styles Within the Family and Social Maturity Among Secondary School Students
This study examines the relationship between communication styles within the family and social maturity among secondary school students. It highlights the crucial role of family communication in shaping adolescents’ psychological development, social adjustment, and behavioral patterns. Family communication styles—whether democratic, authoritarian, or permissive—significantly influence how students develop social maturity, including responsibility, self-confidence, emotional regulation, and interpersonal skills. The research emphasizes that effective and positive communication within the family contributes to the development of well-adjusted and socially mature individuals, while negative or inconsistent communication may lead to social difficulties, emotional instability, and poor adaptation in school and society. By integrating perspectives from social psychology and family studies, this paper aims to analyze how communication patterns affect adolescents’ social development and to identify the key factors that promote healthy social maturity in secondary school learners.
Post-Quantum Cryptography: Addressing the Future Threats to Cybersecurity
Classical cryptography systems are vulnerable to quantum computing because they depend on computationally tough issues, such as solving discrete logarithms or factoring big integers. Cryptography in the age of quantum computing has new challenges and opportunities. Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) aims to address these issues by developing algorithms that are resistant to quantum computing, including code-based, hash-based, and lattice-based cryptography. The study sheds light on how PQC can tackle future cybersecurity risks by examining their security models, performance, and suitability for real-world implementation. The article also delves into the difficulties of updating the world's cryptographic infrastructure to use algorithms that are immune to quantum attacks, as well as the present status of PQC standardization initiatives. Protecting digital systems from possible breaches and guaranteeing long-term data security will be the deployment of PQC that is most important as quantum computing develops.
The Rhetoric of Persuasion among the Sophists “Metaphor as a Model”
The purpose of rhetoric science is to appreciate the meaning of literary work as an art and to apprehend its characteristics and to appraise the secrets of its beauty, it makes the receiver more enlightened through enjoying literary arts and influencing him and persuading him with clear methods. However, this purpose changed in Greek rhetoric during the fifth century BC, where a philosophical movement known as the “Sophist movement” emerged, aiming to persuade the receiver through methods of deception, dissimulation, and the use of tricks and verbal games in order to achieve their personal interests. Thus, metaphor became a means of persuasion and proof of false arguments, contrary to what it was known for. This is what we will try to clarify in this article, highlighting the concept of metaphor among the Sophists and the position of the receiver in the rhetoric of deception and falsehood.
A Study on Cooperative Dairy Farming and Sustainable Livelihoods in Uttarakhand
Cooperative dairy farming has emerged as an important institutional pathway for strengthening rural livelihoods in India. In Uttarakhand, where agriculture is shaped by fragmented landholdings, hilly terrain, limited market access, and seasonal vulnerability, dairy farming offers a relatively regular and resilient source of household income. This paper develops a journal-style empirical framework to examine the relationship between cooperative dairy farming and sustainable livelihoods in Uttarakhand. The study proposes that participation in dairy cooperatives improves market access, income stability, women’s participation, and access to extension and veterinary services, which together enhance sustainable livelihood outcomes. Drawing on the sustainable livelihoods framework, the paper conceptualizes livelihood improvement through financial, human, social, physical, and natural capital. The manuscript presents a review of the relevant literature, a set of testable hypotheses, a conceptual model, a questionnaire, and an empirical methodology suitable for journal submission. The paper argues that cooperative dairy farming can play a transformative role in Uttarakhand’s rural economy, but its impact depends on institutional support, infrastructure, ecological adaptation, and inclusion of women producers. Official dairy development initiatives in India have explicitly framed dairying through cooperatives as a route to sustainable livelihood enhancement, which supports the relevance of the present inquiry.
Psychological Stress and Academic Achievement Among Primary School Pupils in a Bilingual Context: A Descriptive Study in Constantine
This study explores the relationship between psychological stress and academic achievement among third-year primary school pupils in the city of Constantine, within a bilingual educational context. The research is guided by how stress influences pupils’ academic performance and whether this relationship varies according to gender, age, and level of achievement. Adopting a descriptive analytical approach , the study was conducted on a sample of 80 pupils selected using an appropriate sampling method. Data were collected using the Perceived Stress Scale, alongside students’ academic results as indicators of achievement. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (version 21), with non-parametric tests applied due to the non-normal distribution of the data. The main findings revealed a strong negative correlation between psychological stress and academic achievement, indicating that higher stress levels are associated with lower academic performance. However, the results also showed that there are no statistically significant differences in stress levels based on gender, age, or academic achievement categories. This suggests that psychological stress is a shared experience among pupils, regardless of their demographic or academic characteristics, although its impact on performance may differ. The study highlights the importance of considering psychological well-being as a key factor in educational success, particularly in bilingual contexts where cognitive demands are increased. It emphasizes the need for supportive teaching practices and learning environments that help reduce excessive stress while maintaining student engagement. Ultimately, the findings contribute to a better understanding of how emotional and cognitive factors interact in shaping pupils’ academic experiences.
Enhancing Sustainable Development through Community-Based Tourism in Uttarakhand
This study explores the role of Community-Based Tourism (CBT) in fostering sustainable development in Uttarakhand, a region known for its rich cultural heritage and ecological significance. Tourism has become a cornerstone of Uttarakhand’s economy, providing economic opportunities, while simultaneously serving as a mechanism for cultural and environmental conservation. This paper examines how CBT can create economic opportunities by empowering local communities, promoting cultural heritage, and ensuring responsible resource management. The research delves into the current trends and practices of CBT in Uttarakhand, highlighting the impact of CBT initiatives on local communities, economic growth, environmental sustainability, and cultural preservation. The study also provides recommendations for enhancing CBT through policy support, capacity building, and the use of digital technology to maximize the impact of sustainable tourism. Ultimately, this paper advocates for an integrated approach to tourism development that aligns with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) of fostering inclusive growth and preserving the environment.
Illegal Use of Electronic Money Transfer - Money Laundering as An Example –
Electronic transactions are new to the times and their prominent feature. Modern technologies have invaded all sectors, including the banking sector and the economic sector. Just as this tremendous technological development has had its positive effects, it has also had dire negative effects. It has helped commit financial and economic crimes in ways that institutions for the prevention and control of these crimes are unable to address Among them is the crime of money laundering, which is now carried out through electronic payment methods, especially electronic transfers. Our study aims to clarify how money transfers are used in the crime of bleaching water, as it is the most serious financial and economic crime, and the necessity of the banking system's intervention in order to confront it. We have reached several legal conclusions, including the complexity of this crime, which has become electronic, the need to strengthen the banking sector with a highly efficient human element, both technically and legally, and to tighten oversight of the electronic money transfer process and verify the sources of suspicious funds.
Barriers to Effective Functioning of Primary Dairy Cooperative Societies: “Evidence from Dehradun Dugdh Utpadak Sahakari Sangh Ltd. (DDUSS)”
Primary dairy cooperatives in India have in the past served as the backbone for rural development by providing collective bargaining power, fair market access and income stabilization for small and marginal farmers. However, there are also challenges in their growth and efficiency. This paper examines the constraints that prevent effective functioning of Primary Dairy Cooperative Societies under Dehradun Milk Producers Cooperative Union Limited (DDUSS) also known as Anchal Dairy during the period 2024-25. The objective of this study is to examine the structural, operational and socio-economic constraints affecting the performance of the cooperative. It seeks to analyse how low member participation, high rate of closure of societies, fluctuations in procurement and socio-cultural exclusion undermine the sustainability of dairy cooperatives. Research adopts a descriptive and analytical design using both primary and secondary data sources. DDUSS records for February 2025 and April 2024 were analysed using comparative statistics, participation rate estimation, and yield versus targeted assessment and external threats with existing strengths and opportunities. This blended approach allowed for both quantitative measurement of the way cooperatives work and qualitative understanding of disruptions. The study shows that almost half of the societies under DDUSS are inactive, which reveals structural weakness, member participation is very low, only 23% of registered members actively supply milk. Procurement growth shows large seasonal fluctuations, moreover, women and the ST / SC community are under-represented despite their significant contribution, showing deep socio-cultural barriers.
Women Entrepreneurs: Catalysts for Promising Growth in Algeria
The female entrepreneur faces significant challenges worldwide. For common or different objectives, her situation may be similar or different from one continent to another; nevertheless, the trend of female entrepreneurship has started and proven itself. In Algeria, despite state support through various initiatives, the situation of female entrepreneurs remains below standards. This situation is due to many factors; some are related to the overall business climate (administrative delays, access to financing, support, etc.), while others are cultural and require the engagement of entire generations for economic interests and, consequently, overall development. In this article, achievable solutions are proposed: support, training, reforms, and a change of paradigm.
عنوان المقال : تمثلات الفكر النسوي- اركيولوجيا الحجاب - في الرواية النسوية الجزائرية المكتوبة باللغة الأجنبية
تنطلق النسوية في علاقتها مع الدين من محاولة الكشف عن التحيز الذكوري الكامن في ثنايا المعتقدات والممارسات الدينية، وتسعى إلى إعادة صياغة هذه المعتقدات للتحرر من وجهة نظرها من هذا التحيز المهيمن على الدين، وتعتقد النسويات أن الحجاب هو أحد تمظهرات هذه الممارسات الذكورية في المجتمعات العربية، ولم يخرج الخطاب السردي النسوي الجزائري المكتوب باللغة الأجنبية من بوتقة هذه الايديولوجيا، فالكاتبات النسويات الجزائريات اتخذن موقفا رافضا له، بل والنظر إليه نظرة ازدراء و احتقار، وربطه بالمرجعيات الأبوية وبالفكر الأصولي، وبما تحمله هذه المرجعيات في نظر الفكر النسوي من مفاهيم الاضطهاد، والعنف ضد المرأة . وهذا ما سنقف عليه من خلال عرض بعض المواقف الرافضة لشعيرة الحجاب كمقدس ديني، وفرض فقهي وشرعي في رواية بوابة الذكريات لأسيا جبار، ورواية المتمردة لمليكة مقدم
Cybersecurity Challenges in the Era of Digital Transformation
The rapid advancement of digital technologies has significantly transformed the way organizations operate, communicate, and deliver services. Digital transformation, driven by cloud computing, the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence, and big data, has created new opportunities for innovation and efficiency. However, it has also introduced a wide range of cybersecurity challenges that threaten the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information systems. the evolving landscape of cybersecurity in the context of digital transformation, highlighting key threats such as data breaches, ransomware attacks, phishing, and advanced persistent threats (APTs). the vulnerabilities associated with interconnected systems, remote work environments, and increased reliance on digital infrastructure. The importance of robust security frameworks, risk management strategies, and the adoption of advanced technologies such as AI-driven security systems to detect and prevent cyber threats. Furthermore, the need for organizational awareness, employee training, and strict regulatory compliance to strengthen cybersecurity posture. While digital transformation offers numerous benefits, addressing cybersecurity challenges is essential to ensure sustainable growth and trust in digital ecosystems.
The contribution of digital transformation to enhancing and sustaining the competitiveness of economic institutions
In this research, we analyze how digital transformation directly builds and sustains a competitive edge for modern businesses. We explore the strategic ways leaders can deploy digital tools to outpace competitors in a fast-changing market. This brings us to our core question: How can organizations effectively harness technology today to secure long-term sustainability tomorrow? To answer this, we applied a descriptive-analytical approach, combining established theories with real-world data. Our findings clearly confirm that embracing digital transformation is not just a technical upgrade; it acts as the primary engine for driving competitive power and ensuring the lasting success of any economic organization.
The Constitutional Promise and the Prison Reality: A Critical Appraisal of Human Rights Protection in Indian Prisons
The Constitution of India grants essential rights to all individuals, even to those who have been deprived of their freedom by being behind bars. Judicial interpretation, particularly under Article 21, has ruled that prisoners still retain their human rights even if they are in prison. Thus, this paper offers a critical review of the disjunction between the legal protection of rights and the actual conditions of prisons in India. The research points out the structural and institutional impediments to human rights that are recognized as effective and evaluates the policy changes that have been made recently to bring reform in the prisons. It claims that unless there are systemic implementations, independent supervision, and a shift in attitude towards correctional justice from punitive incarceration, the guarantees of the Constitution will only be dreams. The research finally comes up with recommendations for policies to eliminate the disparities between the norms established and reality in Indian prisons.
The Policy of Training Newly Recruited University Teachers within the Framework of Higher Education Reform in Algeria: An Analytical Study
This research paper examines the training policy for newly recruited university teachers in Algeria within the context of higher education reforms, particularly following the adoption of the LMD system and the accompanying orientation toward improving training quality and aligning universities with development requirements. The study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the training programs adopted for the pedagogical and methodological preparation of newly recruited university teachers, as well as their consistency with contemporary higher education standards. The paper adopts a critical analytical approach to regulatory texts and official programs, while taking into account the practical realities within university institutions. It demonstrates that the current training policy is primarily based on short-term, mandatory pedagogical courses focusing on teaching techniques, lesson preparation, and assessment. However, these programs suffer from limited practical depth and weak follow-up, as well as insufficient continuous evaluation of newly recruited teachers’ teaching performance. Furthermore, the study reveals a gap between the declared objectives of reform—namely improving quality, developing competencies, and modernizing pedagogical practices—and actual practice. This gap is attributed to several factors, including insufficient supervision, the absence of structured continuous training, and the weak integration of educational technology. The paper emphasizes that current training remains closer to a formal requirement than to a mechanism for building sustainable professional competencies. The study concludes that the success of higher education reform in Algeria depends on restructuring the training policy for newly recruited teachers based on a competency-based approach, supported by continuous training, periodic evaluation, and pedagogical accompaniment, along with greater openness to international experiences and the activation of quality assurance mechanisms within universities.
Role of Ayurvedic Rasayana Therapy in Promoting Healthy Aging: A Clinical Study
The increasing global burden of aging-related health issues has shifted attention toward preventive and holistic healthcare approaches. Ayurveda, the traditional Indian system of medicine, offers Rasayana therapy as a specialized rejuvenation strategy aimed at promoting longevity, enhancing vitality, and preventing age-associated degeneration. The present study investigates the role of Ayurvedic Rasayana therapy in promoting healthy aging through a clinical approach. adopts a mixed-method clinical design involving selected participants within a defined age group, focusing on both physiological and psychological parameters of aging. Standardized Rasayana formulations, along with dietary and lifestyle modifications, were administered over a specific period. Key health indicators such as immunity, cognitive function, physical strength, and overall quality of life were evaluated using validated assessment tools. indicate a significant improvement in participants’ overall well-being, including enhanced immunity, reduced stress levels, improved metabolic function, and better mental clarity. Rasayana therapy demonstrated potential in slowing down degenerative processes and supporting holistic health without adverse side effects. The study also highlights the importance of individualized treatment protocols, a core principle of Ayurveda, in achieving optimal outcomes.
The Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education offers transformative potential for teaching and learning processes. This paper introduces key strategies for effective AI integration in educational settings. First, fostering collaboration between educators and AI developers is essential to ensure that AI tools are tailored to pedagogical needs. This partnership can lead to the creation of user-friendly applications that enhance the learning experience. Second, professional development is crucial for teachers. Educators should receive ongoing training to understand AI technologies and effectively incorporate them into their teaching practices. This not only improves their confidence in using AI but also empowers them to leverage these tools to personalize learning and address diverse student needs. Third, prioritizing ethical considerations is vital. AI integration must emphasize data privacy, equity, and transparency to build trust among students and educators. Establishing clear guidelines for AI use can help mitigate risks associated with bias and data misuse. Finally, continuous assessment and feedback mechanisms should be implemented to evaluate the effectiveness of AI tools in enhancing educational outcomes. By adopting these strategies, educational institutions can create a supportive environment for AI integration, ultimately leading to improved teaching and learning experiences.
An Assessment of Consumer Awareness and Perception of South Indian Cuisine Restaurants in Ghaziabad
This study assesses consumer awareness and perception of South Indian cuisine restaurants in Ghaziabad, a rapidly urbanizing city within the National Capital Region (NCR). With growing interest in diverse cuisines, South Indian food is gaining popularity due to its authenticity, health benefits, and unique taste. However, limited research exists on consumer perceptions outside traditional South Indian cultural geographies. To address this gap, a structured survey was conducted among 50 respondents using a stratified random sampling method across four localities: Indirapuram, Vaishali, Raj Nagar, and Sahibabad. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis in SPSS. The findings reveal that consumers in Ghaziabad hold favorable perceptions of South Indian restaurants, particularly regarding hygiene, food safety, value for money, and authenticity. Dosa and Uttapam emerged as the most preferred dishes, with home delivery being the dominant dining mode. Moderate concerns were noted regarding pricing and discount schemes, while taste consistency was identified as an area needing improvement. Correlation results highlight strong links between food authenticity, hygiene, and dining environment, reinforcing their importance in customer satisfaction. The study offers actionable insights for restaurant operators to enhance service quality, consumer trust, and brand positioning in a competitive market.
Navigating the Global Frontier: Startup Entrepreneurship in the Context of International Business
The contemporary business landscape is increasingly characterized by globalization, blurring national borders and creating unprecedented opportunities and challenges for nascent ventures. This academic paper delves into the intricate relationship between startup entrepreneurship and international business, exploring the motivations, strategies, and critical success factors for early-stage companies venturing into global markets. It examines the unique advantages and disadvantages startups face in internationalization, the evolving role of technology, and the crucial influence of cultural, economic, and political contexts. By synthesizing existing literature and offering practical insights, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how startups can effectively navigate the complexities of international business to achieve sustainable growth and competitive advantage.
Overlap of jurisdiction between the newly established criminal courts in Algerian law
The distinctive nature of the investigating judge’s role within the judicial system is highlighted, as he is a judge who combines functional independence with membership of a specialised judicial structure, in line with the approach dictated by modern and complex criminal developments. Conversely, the investigating judge’s exercise of his discretionary powers in this regard is limited by a set of constraints, including the nature ofspecific and local jurisdiction and the practical issues this raises as a result of the overlap between criminal jurisdictions, despite the legal framework established in both the Algerian and Tunisian systems, and the issue of specialisation in this field.
The Issue of Reconciling Religion and Philosophy in Islamic Thought
One of the most important aspects of Islamic philosophy, and one of the most significant areas of innovation within it, is the issue of reconciling religion and philosophy, or reason. This has been a fundamental issue for Islam throughout its long history. The interaction between Islamic culture and Greek philosophy produced a complex interplay of different intellectual currents, which later escalated into sharp divisions. One group, represented by scholars of Islamic law and philosophy, and supported by Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, believes that philosophy and Islamic law are inherently contradictory and unrelated. Another group of philosophers champions philosophy and sees no connection between the two (Islamic law and philosophy). A third group, led by Ibn Rushd (Averroes), seeks to reconcile these differences and establish a framework for dialogue.
The Pen in the Holy Qur’an: A Study of Its Terminology and Function -A Study of Its Terminology and Function
This study aims to clarify the meaning of the term ‘the pen’ as mentioned in the Qur’an, and whether it refers to the pen commonly used by people. It also examines the role of the pen in learning and teaching, acquisition and change, and innovation and continuity, compared with its modern technical substitutes. The study also emphasises the importance of using this instrument, especially during the training and development stage, to prevent potential harm to learners and others, in line with contemporary scientific research.
The encyclopedic approach in Tafsir (Qur’anic exegesis), according to djaber al-Djazairi. The easiest interpretations of the speech of the Great Most High—and in the margin, the River of Good on the easiest interpretations.
The book’s title is presented in detail as a principal title, ‘The Simplest Exegesis of the Words of the Most High’, and as a secondary title, ‘The River of Goodness upon the Simplest Exegesis’. What drew my attention to the interpreter’s method was his treatment of the marginal notes, which function as rich, varied and deep encyclopaedic references through careful and sincere research into the following aspects: - Examining jurisprudential issues in acts of worship and transactions by clarifying the integration of Qur’anic exegesis with the prophetic hadith, since ‘he speaks not from inclination; it is only revelation sent down’. Studying lexicographical derivations within the sciences of the Arabic language by explaining the entrances of linguistic derivation and the extent to which the interpreter invests in these derivations when resorting to methods of interpreting Qur’anic verses, with the aim of grasping the internal and external dimensions of meaning. - Assessing rhetorical derivations and the aartistic and applied streams they carry, which bring the paths of understanding closer and provide an easy avenue for linking teachings and rulings to conduct and actions. Thus, the Qur’an becomes a functional school of life, before and after death. In this research paper, I will focus on the marginal notes in the exegesis through analysis, drawing on examples adopted by the scholar-interpreter Djaber al-Djazairi and examining this encyclopaedic reference.
Self-Determination Right and Its Dimensions in the Thought of Emir Khaled al-Jazairi
Historically, the right of self-determination has been associated with significant revolutions that occurred worldwide during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It first appeared during the American Revolution of 1776 and became more apparent during the French Revolution of 1789, taking the form of the principle of nationalities. Leaders of the national movement, such as Hamdan Ben Osman Khodja, included the principle of self-determination on their agenda and strongly defended the right of the Algerian people to emancipation and to establish their full sovereignty, similar to what occurred in Europe. The idea of equality emphasised by Emir Khaled formed the basis for defending the political and social rights of Algerians. This is based on the premise that the Algerian nation, shaped by its long history, has developed immunity against any attempt to dismantle its multidimensional structure. Emir Khaled proposed the idea of independence, seeking to embody the concept of the Algerian nation’s autonomy from the colonial power. He started from the notion that each nation has unique characteristics and cannot merge with—or dissolve into—another nation, even if it were to wish to do so. His efforts bore fruit in the form of meetings with a number of activists abroad, where the Algerian cause was discussed. He became convinced that demands for rights would not be well received by the colonial administration. Consequently, demanding independence became an irreversible objective.
Mechanisms of Negotiated Justice in Combating Economic Crime: An Analytical Reading of the Deferred Prosecution System for Legal Persons under Algeria's Code of Criminal Procedure (Law No. 25-14)
This article analyses the deferred prosecution system for legal persons introduced by Algerian Law No. 25-14, which authorizes the public prosecutor's office to postpone the initiation of public criminal proceedings against a legal person in exchange for that entity's commitment to compensate for damages or to restore the assets that were the subject of the offence. The system seeks to strike a balance between the imperatives of criminal justice and the necessity of safeguarding economic stability, within the framework of a contemporary orientation in Algerian criminal policy grounded in the principles of negotiated justice. Drawing on both analytical and comparative methodologies, the article concludes that this system constitutes a qualitative transformation reflecting the Algerian legislator's openness to comparative legislative models — most notably the French one. Nevertheless, the system's effectiveness remains contingent upon sound judicial application and the degree to which legal persons honour the obligations imposed upon them. The system represents a promising instrument for reconciling criminal deterrence with procedural flexibility. Given the novelty of this procedure, future empirical studies of real deferred prosecution cases are warranted in order to assess its practical utility within the judicial process.
Customs Smuggling Crimes in the Context of Organized Crime
Customs smuggling is considered a global criminal phenomenon that harms national economies. It is also a highly complex problem because of its negative effects, which distort the rules of legitimate competition and hinder development at several levels: social, cultural, health-related, and especially security-related. In the present era, it has also become intertwined with corruption-related crimes, such as organized crime. In fact, customs smuggling has taken on characteristics that make it difficult to distinguish from business crimes, serious crimes, and high-risk crimes. It assumes organizational forms within the context of transnational economic and financial crime through networks and smugglers operating in various countries, working outside the scope of systems and laws, and exploiting the globalization of crime. As a result, its field of activity, with all its risks, has come to threaten and undermine the values and stability of states and to harm the fundamental interests of society.