`Cadernos de Pós-Graduação em Direito Político e Econômico
Cadernos de Pós-Graduação em Direito Político e Econômico (ISSN: 1678-2127) is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Centro de Estudos Acadêmicos Press. The journal serves as a platform for rigorous scholarly dialogue on the intersections of law, political science, and economic theory, with a particular emphasis on postgraduate research and interdisciplinary perspectives. Indexed in ABDC Journal Quality List (Category C), it welcomes original articles, critical essays, and theoretical contributions that explore legal frameworks, governance systems, and economic policies from both national and international contexts. The journal is committed to advancing academic discourse and policy insights in the fields of political and economic law.
Centro de Estudos Acadêmicos Press [ceapress.org]
All articles published in Cadernos de Pós-Graduação em Direito Político e Econômico / Postgraduate Notebooks in Political and Economic Law are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY NC 4.0). This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and used for Non-Commercial Purposes only.
The International Classification of the National Human Rights Council in Algeria Between Reality and Aspiration
The National Human Rights Council represents the national institution entrusted with the protection of human rights in Algeria and serves as the mirror reflecting Algeria's international image. Like national human rights institutions in various countries worldwide, it is subject to periodic international monitoring focused on the extent of its compliance with a set of predetermined international standards expressed in the Paris Principles relating to the Status of National Human Rights Institutions. Following this evaluation, it is classified as either Class A, Class B, or Class C. The National Human Rights Council in Algeria is currently classified as Class B. This study is presented as a proposal to elevate the National Human Rights Council to Class A status by addressing the following research question: Why is the National Human Rights Council classified as Class B, and how can its classification be improved? This problematic is addressed through an analytical methodology by: defining the framework of the National Human Rights Council; clarifying Algeria's efforts to advance the National Human Rights Council toward Class A classification; analyzing the criticisms directed at Algeria in the latest report by the Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions and clarifying how to address them in a practical, justified, and institutionalized manner; and identifying the advantages that Class A classification would provide to Algeria.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Smaali Aouatef https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Role of the Family in the Tageish Society, in the Tamanrasset Region Preservi the Popular Culture. A Field Study for Some Families in City of Tamanrasset
This current study aims to shed light on the role of the family in the Tuareg society in the Tamanrasset region in preserving, transmitting, and safeguarding cultural heritage. In this study, we relied on the qualitative approach and the direct interview tool to collect data in order to identify facts and interpret them. The study concluded that the family in Tuareg society in the Tamanrasset region plays a role in transmitting both tangible and intangible cultural heritage to subsequent generations with the aim of preserving the authenticity of the region and its popular cultural heritage.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Emerging Trends in Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Targeted Cancer Therapy
Oncology is changing with nanoparticle-based drug delivery methods, which may overcome conventional chemotherapy's bioavailability, systemic toxicity, and lack of selectivity. Recent nanotechnology advances have allowed the design of multifunctional nanoparticles like liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric micelles, metallic nanoparticles, and lipid-based carriers that can improve drug solubility, prolong circulation time, and deliver therapeutic agents directly to tumor sites through passive (permeability and retention effect) and active (ligand-mediated targeting) mechanisms. Nanoparticles containing targeting ligands, antibodies, peptides, and aptamers improve site-specific delivery and therapeutic efficacy by decreasing off-target effects. In addition, stimulus-responsive nanoparticles that release medications in reaction to internal (pH, enzymes, redox status) or exterior (light, heat, magnetic fields) stimuli are promise for precision medicine. Despite progress, clinical translation is hindered by large-scale manufacture, regulatory approval, long-term toxicity, and tumor microenvironment heterogeneity. Nanoparticles are being added to immunotherapy, gene therapy, and combination regimens to improve therapeutic outcomes. This study discusses nanoparticle-based cancer drug delivery design methodologies, therapeutic applications, preclinical and clinical progress, and future directions to bridge laboratory innovation with clinical success.
Maria Montessori and Methods of Enhancing Motivation for Learning in the Algerian School
This study examines the Montessori educational approach as one of the most influential pedagogical models in early childhood education, emphasizing its role in fostering independence, self-directed learning, and intrinsic motivation among children. Rooted in the philosophy of Maria Montessori, this approach advocates minimal adult intervention while providing a carefully prepared environment that enables children to explore, choose activities freely, and develop cognitive, sensory, motor, social, and emotional skills. The paper highlights the importance of free play, cooperative activities, and experiential learning in supporting natural child development. It also situates the Montessori method within broader contemporary trends in preschool education, particularly the cultural competence approach and motivation enhancement, which aim to align educational programs with children’s developmental needs and social contexts. The findings underscore that investment in early childhood education is not only beneficial for individual development but also represents a long-term societal investment, especially in an era marked by rapid social and technological change.
Acts of Pleading Public Policy as a Guarantee for the Exclusion of Foreign Law and Its Applications in Algeria
The emergence of private international relations has led to permitting the application of foreign laws within the territories of host states. Based on the dual nature of national conflict-of-laws rules, these rules may, in certain cases, designate foreign law as the applicable law. While the general principle requires the judge to apply such law, national legislations grant the judge the authority to exclude the application of foreign law if it contains provisions that contradict the fundamental principles of the judge’s state, in application of the concept of public policy. This approach has been adopted by the Algerian legislator within the provisions governing conflicts of laws, specifically in Article 24 of the Algerian Civil Code, in the context of resolving disputes involving a foreign element.
Behavioral Ecology of Urban Monkeys: Human-Wildlife Conflict and Adaptation
New ecosystems have emerged as a result of the fast pace of urbanization, in which animals and humans interact more frequently. The cognitive capacity and behavioral flexibility of monkeys allow them to thrive in the face of manmade pressures, making them one of the most effective animals at exploiting urban surroundings. the study of monkey behavior in urban areas, with an emphasis on how these monkeys adapt to their environments and the dynamics of conflicts between humans and other species. The research emphasizes how monkeys adapt their social structure, spatial movements, and foraging tactics in reaction to urban resources and dangers. It draws on ethological analyses, case studies, and field data from South and Southeast Asia. In order to survive, urban monkeys adapt their diets to include more and more man-made foods. These adaptable monkeys also become more aggressive and opportunistic, which can lead to crop raids, food theft, and property damage, which can lead to conflict with humans. New hierarchies and changed affiliative behaviors within troops are the results of social dynamics modified by increased competition over concentrated resources. However, monkeys face dangers like illness transmission, retaliatory violence, and car accidents due to their frequent encounters with humans.
Economic Impacts of Large-Scale Renewable Energy Adoption in Developing Economies
Opportunities for emerging economies abound in the worldwide movement towards renewable energy sources, which could lead to sustainability, economic development, and energy independence. Adopting renewable energy sources on a large scale can offer developing countries a long-term solution to the problem of polluting and expensive electricity generation from fossil fuels. But such changes have far-reaching and complex economic consequences that affect industry, jobs, energy prices, and economic growth in the short and long term. considers the possible advantages, disadvantages, dangers, and consequences of transitioning to renewable energy on a broad scale in developing economies. Renewable energy sources, including solar, wind, and hydropower, have the potential to lower energy prices, generate employment opportunities, and boost local economies through investments in infrastructure and technology advancement. High initial investment costs, funding hurdles, and the necessity for enabling legislative frameworks and policies are some of the potential economic difficulties addressed in the article. renewable energy's larger monetary effect through lowering consumption of foreign fuels, expanding access to electricity, and spawning new economic sectors. Developing nations can learn how to adopt renewable energy sources and experience sustainable economic growth by looking at case studies and doing economic modelling. The research shows that emerging economies must invest in large-scale renewable energy adoption because, despite some difficulties, the long-term economic advantages surpass the short-term costs.
Digitalization as a Mechanism to Enhance Competition in Public Procurement under Law 23 12
Digitalization has become one of the most significant modern mechanisms for reforming public administration and enhancing transparency and efficiency in public procurement systems. In Algeria, the adoption of Law No. 23-12 reflects a clear legislative orientation toward integrating digital tools into public procurement procedures as a means of strengthening competition, ensuring equal access to public contracts, and limiting practices that undermine fairness and transparency. This paper examines the role of digitalization as a legal and technical mechanism for enhancing competition in public procurement under Law No. 23-12. It analyzes the legal framework governing digital procurement, highlights the objectives and advantages of digitalization in promoting competitive principles, and evaluates its contribution to reducing administrative discretion, improving access to information, and increasing market openness. The study also addresses the main challenges associated with the implementation of digital procurement systems, including technical, legal, and institutional constraints. Ultimately, the paper seeks to assess the effectiveness of digitalization in achieving competitive public procurement and to identify its implications for governance and economic efficiency.
Proof of Marital Infidelity in the Digital Environment: Between the Nature of Electronic Evidence and the Right to Privacy
Electronic marital infidelity is one of the novelties generated by technology and the use of the digital environment, where social media platforms have become spaces in which spouses commit this type of infidelity. The pressing question that arises is how a victimized spouse can prove the infidelity of the other party. Are text messages, audio recordings, and videos admissible as means of proof? On the other hand, another issue arises: if the aggrieved party obtains electronic evidence proving the spouse’s infidelity, would this be considered an infringement on the right to privacy in general and the right to digital privacy in particular, given that this right is guaranteed under constitutions? This is what this research paper addresses.
The Reality of the Substantive Constraints Imposed on the Powers of the United Nations Security Council
The Security Council enjoys particular importance as a result of its responsibility for achieving the primary objective for which the Organization was established, namely the maintenance of international peace and security. The General Assembly also enjoys certain competences in this field. However, assigning this principal responsibility to the Security Council is mainly due to the desire to achieve a degree of effectiveness and speed in resolving problems that threaten peace, since it is a body of limited membership, which makes it more suitable and in a better position to carry out this task. To this end, the Charter of the United Nations recognized its right to issue binding decisions and its authority to intervene in international disputes regardless of the consent or objection of the disputing states. Yet, for a long period, the Council remained unable to effectively carry out its core tasks, which were very limited, whether in the field of the peaceful settlement of disputes under Chapter VI of the Charter, or in the field of taking the necessary measures in the event of a threat or act of aggression under Chapter VII, whether those disputes concerned situations arising from conflicts of interest between colonial states and newly independent states, or issues affecting the vital interests of the permanent members. There was near consensus that the reason for this incapacity lay in the veto power.
Al-Jahiz's Linguistic Vision: between Traditional Heritage Referentiality and Modern Linguistic Concepts
Al-Jāḥiẓ is one of the most prominent figures in Arabic linguistic thought. In his works, he presents an integrated vision of language, its functions, and the foundations of linguistic analysis, in a way that makes it possible to understand the classical linguistic heritage within the horizon of contemporary linguistics. This paper focuses on the major linguistic issues in al-Jāḥiẓ’s works, especially the nature and functions of language, the impact of context and situation on discourse interpretation, communicative and persuasive mechanisms, style and eloquence, and the relationship between language and thought. The study also examines how some of al-Jāḥiẓ’s insights converge with modern linguistic principles such as pragmatics, discourse analysis, argumentation theory, and cognitive linguistics, while highlighting areas of convergence and divergence between the classical tradition and contemporary linguistic scholarship. It concludes that al-Jāḥiẓ’s linguistic vision does not merely constitute a classical legacy but rather a conceptual foundation that can be fruitfully employed in modern linguistic studies, thereby underscoring the central role of the Arab-Islamic heritage in enriching contemporary linguistic theory.
Graphene and its Derivatives: Pioneering Superconductors in Electronic Device Applications
Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, has revolutionized the material science field due to its exceptional electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. This paper explores the advancements and applications of graphene and its derivatives as superconductors in electronic device applications. The intrinsic properties of graphene, such as high electron mobility, thermal conductivity, and mechanical strength, make it an ideal candidate for enhancing the performance of electronic components.We delve into the synthesis and functionalization techniques of graphene, which tailor its properties for specific electronic applications. The focus is on how doping and the integration of graphene with other materials can induce superconductivity, thereby expanding its application spectrum to include next-generation electronic and energy storage devices. Special attention is given to the latest developments in graphene-based transistors, sensors, and supercapacitors, illustrating their enhanced performance metrics compared to traditional materials.Furthermore, the paper addresses the challenges associated with the commercial scalability of graphene, such as consistency in material quality and the complexity of fabrication processes. We discuss ongoing research efforts aimed at overcoming these barriers, including the development of novel synthesis methods and the implementation of graphene in hybrid materials.
Sustainable Tourism Development: Balancing Environmental Protection and Economic Growth
The goal of sustainable tourism development is to increase tourism while simultaneously protecting cultural and environmental treasures. the methods and approaches that encourage eco-friendly travel with few negative effects on the environment. To guarantee long-term advantages for local economies and ecosystems, it is crucial to engage the community, manage resources responsibly, and build environmentally friendly infrastructure. Case studies from different parts of the world show how different sectors, such ecotourism, rural tourism, and historical protection, have succeeded and failed at striking this equilibrium. sustainable tourism practices are being propelled by public awareness, commercial sector engagement, and government policies. This strategy can help the economy thrive while protecting the earth for years to come by combining environmental preservation with tourist development.
A Sociological Analysis of Polpulation Ageing in Algeria
Perceptions of older persons vary across societies according to their cultural, social, and historical contexts. In Algerian society, representations of ageing have not yet been fully transformed by the structural changes that have affected the family, particularly the shift from the extended family model to the nuclear family. Despite advanced age and increasing needs for physical comfort, stability, and care, older persons continue to be symbolically integrated into the social fabric. However, their effective participation in everyday social activities has gradually declined, contributing to their portrayal as less productive or dependent within the family sphere. This transformation has, in some cases, led to the perception of older persons as a social and familial burden rather than as holders of experience, memory, and moral authority. In light of this social representation, and considering the ethical and cultural responsibilities of Algerian society, this study adopts a descriptive sociological approach to examine contemporary perceptions of older persons. It seeks to explore how individuals can contribute to improving the social status of the elderly within the family and to reinforce their symbolic and social recognition.
Sustainability in Fashion Industry: A Study of Eco-Friendly Materials and Circular Production Models
Sustainability is becoming increasingly important in the fashion business, which has a reputation for having a negative effect on society and the environment. the fashion industry's impact on the environment can be mitigated by the use of sustainable materials and the use of circular production processes. The sustainability benefits of various eco-friendly materials are discussed, including organic cotton, hemp, recycled fabrics, and new alternatives such as mushroom leather and textiles made from plants. To further reduce waste and maximize clothes' useful life, the article examines circular production techniques such closed-loop systems, recycling, and upcycling. Sustainable fashion brand case studies illustrate the benefits and drawbacks of these methods. the significance of shifting to methods that place an emphasis on ecological consciousness and resource conservation, as well as the part that new ideas, heightened customer awareness, and industry cooperation play in fostering a sustainable fashion ecosystem.
The Role of Deep Learning in Autonomous Systems and Robotics
When it comes to developing autonomous systems and robotics, deep learning has become an essential tool for making machines do complicated jobs with little to no human input. Deep learning techniques enable autonomous systems and robots to mimic human perception, understanding, and interaction with their surroundings by making use of massive datasets and sophisticated neural network topologies. deep learning's critical function in improving autonomous systems' capacities, particularly in areas like object identification, decision-making, and motion planning. the use of deep learning models like RNNs, CNNs, and reinforcement learning to a range of robotics applications, including autonomous driving, industrial automation, and healthcare robotics. Furthermore, the article delves into the difficulties linked to training DL models in ever-changing real-world contexts, covering topics such as computational power requirements, model generalisation, and the necessity for massive labelled datasets. Lastly, we will look at the future of deep learning in robotics, considering developments in sensor technology, real-time data processing, and the incorporation of AI into robotic systems to enhance machine intelligence, adaptability, and autonomy.
The research addresses two interrelated topics : teaching methods and means. I would like to discuss teaching methods, as they are an integral part of education. As for the means of study, they were included in order to clarify everything related to audiovisual media, which is one of the key elements of the thesis title. Through this research, an attempt will be made to provide a procedural definition of the title through the procedural definitions of the titles presented in it.
Integration of Offshore Renewable Energy into the Grid: Technological and Regulatory Challenges
The integration of offshore renewable energy, including wind, wave, and tidal energy, into the electrical grid presents significant technological and regulatory challenges that must be addressed to fully realize the potential of these resources. the critical issues associated with the grid integration of offshore renewable energy systems, focusing on the technological advancements necessary for efficient and reliable energy transmission, as well as the regulatory frameworks that govern these processes. Key technological challenges include the development of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems, advanced grid infrastructure, and energy storage solutions that can manage the variability and intermittency of offshore energy sources. On the regulatory side, the complexities of coordinating international grid connections, standardizing technical requirements, and ensuring compliance with environmental and safety standards. Additionally, the role of policy incentives and international cooperation in overcoming these challenges is analyzed. The need for a coordinated approach that involves technological innovation, regulatory alignment, and stakeholder collaboration to ensure the successful integration of offshore renewable energy into the grid. This integration is crucial for achieving a sustainable and resilient energy system capable of meeting future energy demands.
Italian Migration and Settlement in the Province of Constantine during the Colonial Period (1861–1911): Demographic Transformations and Economic Functions in the Context of French Colonial Policy
This article examines Italian migration and settlement in the province of Constantine during the colonial period between 1861 and 1911, in the broader context of French colonial policy and the demographic and economic transformations experienced by Algeria. It seeks to analyze the place of Italian migration within the wider movement of non‑French European migration, and to clarify its functional role in supporting the colonial project, particularly in a province characterized by a relatively weak French presence in terms of settlement. The article is based on a critical analysis of statistical data issued by both the French colonial administration and the Italian authorities, comparing them in order to uncover the dynamics of migration and settlement and to explain the reasons for discrepancies in the figures. It also discusses the economic and social factors that drove Italians—especially those from southern Italy and the Po Valley—to migrate to Algeria in the context of economic crises, unequal land distribution, and political upheavals. The findings show that the province of Constantine formed a major pole of Italian settlement. Italians were concentrated primarily in coastal towns and in areas connected to ports and mines, where they worked in key economic sectors such as fishing, mining, public works, and construction. The article concludes that Italian settlement was not merely a demographic phenomenon, but rather a structural element that contributed to reshaping the province’s demographic and economic fabric within the framework of French colonial policy.
Health Culture Between The Countryside And The City
In medicine, rural health or rural medicine is the interdisciplinary study of health and health care delivery in rural environments. The concept of rural health incorporates many fields, including wilderness medicine, geography, midwifery, nursing, sociology, economics, and telehealth or telemedicine. [1] Rural populations often experience health disparities and greater barriers in access to healthcare compared to urban populations.[2][3] Globally, rural populations face increased burdens of noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, contributing to worse health outcomes and higher mortality rates.[4] Factors contributing to these health disparities include remote geography, increased rates of health risk behaviors, lower population density, decreased health insurance coverage among the population, lack of health infrastructure, and work force demographics.[3][5][6] People living in rural areas also tend to have less education, lower socioeconomic status, and higher rates of alcohol and smoking when compared to their urban counterparts.[7] Additionally, the rate of poverty is higher in rural populations globally, contributing to health disparities due to an inability to access healthy foods, healthcare, and housing.[8][9] Many countries have made it a priority to increase funding for research on rural health.[10][11] These research efforts are designed to help identify the healthcare needs of rural communities and provide policy solutions to ensure those needs are met.
A comparative analysis of consumer psychology of Generation X, Y & Z co-relating to digital consumption
Digital consumption has developed as a crucial & distinctive characteristic of modern-day consumer behaviour, moulded meaningfully by psychological progressions and generational variances. This study showcases a relative examination of consumer mindset correlated to digital consumption among Generation X, Generation Y (Millennials) and Generation Z. Rooted in consumer psychology model and generational cohort study, the paper examines how differences in principles, cognitive processing, emotive factors, technological revelation and community stimuluses trigger distinctive digital consumption behaviour across these groups. Tracing the subject from topical literatures, this study discovers the interrelationship amid consumer thinking process, generational distinctiveness and digitalization besides examining & evaluating variances in trust formation, stimulation, decision-making aptitudes and level of interaction with digital platforms. The findings divulge that Generation X validates logical, ethics-oriented and risk-averse digital behaviour; Generation Y balances coherent assessment with emotional and social engagement; while Generation Z displays identity centrical, peer-influenced and impulsive digital consumption patterns. The analysis accentuates the inevitability for distinguished digital marketing and engagement strategies modelled to understand generational psychology. This acumen offers substantial implications for market professionals, platform creators and policymakers functioning in digital marketplaces.
Effectiveness of School-Based Physical Education Programs on Long Jump Performance in Middle School Students
School curricula and physical education (PE) programs serve as fundamental tools for promoting motor skill development and sport-specific performance in adolescents. Despite its inclusion in the official PE curriculum, empirical evidence on school-based long jump programs in Algeria remains limited. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a structured long jump instructional program on performance outcomes in fourth-year middle school students in Biskra, Algeria. A descriptive pre-post design was implemented with 164 students (74 boys, 90 girls; age range 14-17 years) enrolled in three public middle schools. Long jump performance was assessed before and after a 9-session instructional program specifically oriented toward technical and physical components of the long jump, integrated into regular PE classes. Each session lasted approximately 60 minutes and was delivered once per week. The intervention focused on four phases: approach, take-off, flight, and landing. Paired-sample t-tests were used to assess pre-post changes, with significance set at p < 0.01. For boys, mean performance increased from 3.27 m (SD = 0.67) to 3.43 m (SD = 0.66), with a very strong correlation between pre- and post-test scores (r = 0.87) and a statistically significant paired t-test (t = -4.071, p < 0.01). For girls, mean performance improved from 2.30 m (SD = 0.53) to 2.43 m (SD = 0.49), with a strong correlation (r = 0.785) and a significant t-value (t = -3.638, p < 0.01). A structured, curriculum-based long jump program can significantly enhance performance in both sexes at the middle school level. The results support the integration of technically focused and anthropometrically informed content into school physical education curricula.
Innovative Materials in Sustainable Construction: A Study on the Future of Eco-Friendly Building Materials
With the increasing need for urban growth and the simultaneous need to reduce environmental effect, the construction sector is at a crossroads. One of the most important ways to promote sustainable building practices is by using innovative materials. These materials offer eco-friendly choices that reduce carbon emissions, waste, and energy usage. future of innovative construction materials that aid in green building initiatives, with an emphasis on these materials' qualities, performance, and life cycle evaluations. The potential of materials like self-healing concrete, recycled aggregates, and bio-based composites to improve building durability and energy efficiency while decreasing environmental impact is investigated. difficulties and hurdles that must be surmounted in order for these materials to be widely used, such as financial considerations, legal constraints, and technological constraints. This study offers a thorough outlook on how these materials could change the future of construction by analysing the existing research and real-world applications. In addition, the part that new ideas and technology play in propelling the building sector towards more sustainable practices, which in turn aid in the worldwide movement towards more resilient and environmentally friendly constructed environments.
Aspects of the Axiological Discourse in al-Jāḥiẓ’s Thought in Light of Ibrāhīm al-Sakran’s Critique: A Presentation and Evaluation
This research paper examines the manāqibī (virtue-oriented) discourse of al-Jāḥiẓ by tracing his method of "elevation and diminution" (al-rafʿ wa-l-khafḍ) as a mechanism for shaping the moral and intellectual portraits of individuals and ideas. The study approaches this discourse in light of Ibrāhīm al-Sukrān's critique in his book, The Modernist Interpretation of Heritage, highlighting his key observations on al-Jāḥiẓ's methodology and his stance toward scholars and theologians. It presents a balanced analytical and evaluative reading that blends rhetorical analysis with intellectual inquiry, concluding that al-Jāḥiẓ's discourse, for all its intellectual and rhetorical richness, can involve a falsification of truth, while al-Sukrān's reading of it is not without its own generalizations and doctrinal projections.
The Asymmetric Impact of Oil Price Fluctuations on Public Expenditure Policy in Algeria during the Period 2000–2023: An Empirical Study Using the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) Model
This study aims to analyze and measure the asymmetric impact of crude oil price fluctuations on the responsiveness of fiscal policy, represented by public expenditure in Algeria, over the period 2000–2023. The nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model is employed to examine the short- and long-run dynamics of this relationship, alongside tests for asymmetry and shock analysis. The empirical findings reveal the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between public expenditure and both positive and negative oil price shocks. Moreover, the results confirm the presence of an asymmetric effect of oil price fluctuations on public expenditure in both the short and long run. It is further observed that Algeria’s fiscal policy exhibits a stronger responsiveness to positive oil price shocks in the medium and long term compared to its response to negative shocks.
Feminist Philosophy and The Forgetting of Feminine Being
Feminist philosophy represents one of the most prominent contemporary critical approaches to interrogating the epistemic structures that have consolidated patriarchal dominance and Western centrism in the formation of human consciousness. However, despite its emancipatory aspirations and its endeavour to redistribute epistemological authority, this project confronts a profound ontological problem concerning the position of the feminine within its own discourse. While feminism has laboured to liberate 'woman' as a social and historical construct, the question of feminism as a mode of being that exceeds the horizon of gendered representation has remained subject to forgetting or conceptual displacement. This problem manifests in three principal configurations. First, an anthropological death becomes apparent in the reproduction of stereotypical representations of women under the guise of transcending them. Second, ideological death emerges when feminist discourse is transformed into a closed system that loses its capacity for self-critique and reproduces mechanisms of exclusion in inverted form. Third, epistemological death is reflected in the limitations of the analytical tools employed, which are unable to encompass the existential and cultural complexity of the feminine experience. This study seeks to deconstruct these three levels through an interrogative approach that reconsiders the relationships among women, feminists, and the world. In so doing, it aims to reopen the question of feminism within an ontological horizon that moves beyond binaries of power and metaphysical oppositions and to retrieve feminism as a horizon of understanding rather than merely an object of representation.
Advancements in Natural Language Processing: Applications in Healthcare and Legal Tech
A branch of AI known as Natural text Processing (NLP) has been making great strides recently, allowing computers to comprehend, decipher, and produce human-sounding text with more and more precision. These advancements have sparked revolutionary uses in many fields, most notably healthcare and legal technology. Natural language processing (NLP) is enhancing clinical decision support systems, automating medical documentation, and enabling better communication between healthcare practitioners, all of which are transforming patient care. Tools based on natural language processing (NLP) can improve research, treatment planning, and diagnosis by analysing medical literature and electronic health records (EHRs) to derive useful insights. Natural language processing (NLP) is revolutionising the legal industry by developing more efficient and cost-effective solutions for law firms and corporate legal departments. These solutions streamline document analysis, contract evaluation, legal research, and compliance monitoring. Natural language processing (NLP) is helping the legal industry automate mundane processes and make more complicated decisions with less room for human mistake. This is boosting productivity and freeing up attorneys to focus on more strategic matters. up-to-date developments in natural language processing (NLP) systems, such as deep learning models and transformer-based architectures, and the revolutionary uses of these systems in healthcare and legal technology. It delves further into the difficulties of implementing NLP, including topics such data protection, the necessity of domain-specific models, and the incorporation into preexisting processes. While resolving the technical, ethical, and regulatory obstacles to broad adoption, natural language processing (NLP) has the ability to greatly improve the healthcare and legal sectors.
The Presumed Element in Corruption Offenses
Criminal law has expanded the concept of the public official beyond the scope defined in administrative law, owing to the distinct nature and objectives of each branch of law. Administrative law is regulatory in character, aiming to organize the relationship between the individual and the government, whereas criminal law is punitive, with the primary goal of protecting rights and curbing crime. While administrative law focuses on the legal status of the public employee, establishing it on a regulatory legal basis to delineate the rights and obligations of such employees, criminal law places greater emphasis on the relationship between the public official and the state as the expression of its will. Consequently, the objective of anti-corruption legislation in adopting an expansive approach is to encompass categories not deemed public officials under administrative law. This expansion seeks to capture all individuals who enjoy the status of public official or its equivalent, operating within a broad domain to encompass all forms of corruption and hold accountable any official who manipulates their position for financial gain and betrays the presumed trust vested in them.
Securing the Future: Advances in Quantum Cryptography Protocols
Quantum cryptography represents a transformative approach to securing communication in the digital age, leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics to provide unprecedented levels of security. advances in quantum cryptography protocols, focusing on their development, implementation, and potential impact on future communication systems. Key protocols such as Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), including BB84 and E91, are examined in detail, highlighting their mechanisms for ensuring secure key exchange. advancements in continuous-variable QKD, device-independent QKD, and quantum encryption algorithms. Additionally, the integration of quantum cryptography with classical cryptographic systems is discussed, emphasizing hybrid approaches that enhance overall security. Experimental implementations and field trials are analyzed to assess the practicality and scalability of these protocols in real-world scenarios. Challenges such as quantum noise, error rates, and technological limitations are addressed, along with potential solutions and future research directions. By securing communication channels against eavesdropping and cyber threats, quantum cryptography has the potential to revolutionize information security, paving the way for a safer digital future.
Reframing Climate-Finance Governance: The emerging role of BRICS Institutions in the Global South
The Climate finance flows is far short to achieve the Paris Agreement goals. Developing countries face many hurdles in addressing issues related to affordable and adequate climate finance. More often than not, the reasons are external debt paying capacity and economic volatility. The paper discusses how BRICS nations could offer an alternative to decrease reliance on policy shifts and finance of Annex II nations and augment the climate resilient growth by solidarity driven agenda. This paper performs Institutional analysis, explores how BRICS can promote climate finance and reduce reliance on Annex II countries. Particular attention has been given by the authors to the role of BRICS-led institutions like New Development Bank, sovereign wealth fund and contingent fund along with advocacy for inclusive growth by voting for external debt restricting of developing economies to allow fiscal room for green investment. The paper advocates that BRICS nations has the potential solution for an equitable development of the Global South.
The Influence of Cultural Trends on Global Fashion Markets: A Comparative Study of Western and Eastern Fashion Trends
Cultural trends have a profound impact on the fashion industry as a whole, moulding tastes, opinions, and the dynamics of markets around the world. how cultural shifts impact international fashion marketplaces by comparing and contrasting Western and Eastern styles. This study compares and contrasts Western and Eastern design trends and consumer behaviours by looking at the cultural, social, and economic aspects that influence fashion consumption in both areas. It then looks at how cultural values, traditions, and societal norms impact these trends. Learn how international fashion houses adapt their business practices to local tastes by conducting in-depth interviews with industry insiders and surveying local consumers. The part that globalisation plays in easing cultural exchanges in the fashion industry, allowing for the mutual impact of Eastern and Western styles. While Western design tends to be more individualistic, trend-driven, and informal, Eastern fashion trends tend to be more traditional, handcrafted, and deeply rooted in cultural heritage, according to the findings. Finally, the study delves into what these cultural distinctions mean for fashion firms, arguing that it's essential to grasp cultural subtleties in order to create effective worldwide marketing strategies that appeal to different types of consumers.
From Impulsive Consumption to Sustainable Choice: Social Media Marketing and the SDG 12 Agenda
This study examines the relationship between social media driven impulsive consumption and responsible consumption objectives under Sustainable Development Goal 12, with specific reference to India. Secondary and archival data has been used in this study and analyses have been carried out to identify the trends in digital connectivity and material consumption and also to understand sustainability pressures linked to expanding online consumption. The findings show that rising internet penetration in India is accompanied by increasing material resource use, indicating growing consumption intensity. At the same time, major digital platforms have introduced transparency and responsible marketing initiatives, although these remain largely voluntary. The study highlights the resulting gap between rapid digital consumption growth and sustainability objectives and discusses the role of policy and marketing frameworks in guiding digital choice environments toward sustainable consumption. By linking platform-driven marketing practices with macro-level SDG 12 indicators, the study offers a policy-oriented perspective on digital consumption sustainability in emerging economies. The paper concludes that coordinated efforts among regulators, platforms, and marketers are necessary to support responsible digital consumption and long-term environmental sustainability.
Institutional Culture in Generational Thinking: An Economic‒Anthropological Approach (University Students’ Perceptions of Entrepreneurial Thought at the University of Oran 2)
This study seeks to shed light on institutional culture and on what institutions should consider and actively engage with rather than rely on expectations detached from a scientific strategy. This is manifested in how institutions interact with and adapt to the internal and external conditions in which they operate. Our focus is specifically on university students, whose perceptions of entrepreneurial thought in general are examined from an economic-anthropological perspective. This choice is grounded in several considerations, foremost among them the view of the university as an academic space that fosters an open-minded outlook among students, enabling them to establish their own ventures. The integration of the economic and anthropological fields does not merely concern production and the resolution of economic problems; rather, by bringing these two fields together, it becomes possible to uncover the processes of production, exchange, and patterns of consumption within their social contexts. Among the principal findings of our study are that institutions rely on scientific methods and approaches and establish incentive systems to encourage Algerian youth to move beyond fear and hesitation to build their own projects. In other words, institutions must foster a culture that nurtures creativity and an entrepreneurial spirit among young people. In this sense, the institution is a cultural-economic entity that reproduces the structure of society in accordance with its customs and traditions. The success of any institution is therefore closely linked to effective communication among individuals.
The Authenticity of The Genetic Fingerprint in Algerian Law
It is known that every scientific development is accompanied by a social development, in order to adapt to the current reality, and from this perspective, we find that the legislator amends the provisions of the law, as it is a common social phenomenon that is affected and adapts to the prevailing situation of social relations within society, and there is no doubt that the lineage occupies priority in those relations, as long as the most powerful relationships that come from the blood link, and therefore the people of law must highlight more the subject of the genetic footprint, so the legislator is called for the enactment of legal rules that are in line with the size of scientific development to overcome the barriers and traditional rules and their restrictions. The Algerian legislator of other comparative legislation keeps pace with scientific and technological development, and seeks to modernize the judiciary in relying on modern and more accurate means in the field of proving descent to preserve the child's right to identity by proving his lineage.
The Impact of FOMO, Instant Gratification, and Social Validation on Consumer Behavior in Online Marketing
As the digital platforms are growing fast, the online consumer purchase behaviour is becoming more and more influenced by social and psychological factors in addition to the traditional demographics. Based on the viewpoints of behavioural and social influence, this paper discusses how the fear of missing out (FOMO), instant gratification, and social validation affect the online consumer purchase behaviour, factoring in the demographic variations. Primarily, data were collected by the utilisation of a quantitative, cross-sectional research approach, where an online survey was carried out on 380 consumers aged between 20 and 40 who had completed an online purchase in the last month. The instrument used to measure was valid scales, which were modified with respect to the previous research works, and data were analysed under the SPSS. Demographic differences were evaluated with the help of one-way ANOVA, and the relationships proposed were evaluated with the help of the linear regression analysis. The results indicate that demographic factors have a great impact on the online purchase behaviour, which proves the existing validity of demographic segmentation in online markets. In addition, fear of missing out, instant gratification, and social validation have a statistically significant positive impact on online consumer purchase behaviour and underscore the influence of emotional urgency, immediacy, and influence of peers in digital decision-making. The research adds to the social literature of online consumer behaviour through the incorporation of the demographic and psychological motivators into one empirical ground. In terms of managerial implications, the findings place an emphasis on the need to create online marketing campaigns that make use of the urgency indicators, convenience, and the social proof to increase consumer involvement and likelihood to purchase. The research also provides the future research directions in digitally mediated consumption situations.
Rules and Mechanisms for Researching the Scientific Miracles of the Holy Quran
Scientific miracles are a new research method adopted by scholars to open new doors for interpreting the Holy Quran, clarifying its meanings, explaining its ambiguous verses, and adding new knowledge through the method of scientific miracles in the Holy Quran. Since this method is new, researchers and scholars are divided between those who support adopting this method, considering it, and believing its results and theories, and those who oppose it, considering it an intrusion into the science of interpretation. Uncertain scientific theories cannot be relied upon as a means of interpreting the Quran, demonstrating its truthfulness, and its certain source being Allah Almighty. The problem posed in this research is : How can we examine the set of sound methodological rules and mechanisms adopted in researching the scientific miracles in the Holy Quran? This is done through the established objectives, the most important of which is to clarify the sound method for interpreting the Holy Quran, establish precise rules for researching the scientific miracles of the Holy Quran, arrive at accurate results in interpreting the Holy Quran, and answer emerging scientific questions and jurisprudential issues. This research was presented using a descriptive and analytical approach to texts, employing the induction mechanism through collecting and explaining texts. If the rules and mechanisms are used within the correct methodology and in accordance with the controls established in the science of interpretation, the results obtained can be adopted within the scientific approach to the miraculous nature of the Holy Quran.
Forecasting Stock Market Volatility Using AI Models: An Analytical Study of the Damascus Securities Exchange with LSTM Algorithm
The study aimed to forecast stock prices and price movements in the Damascus Securities Exchange using advanced artificial intelligence models, specifically Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. It employed two groups of technical variables to achieve this objective: the first group included closing and opening prices, along with short- and long-term Exponential Moving Averages (EMA), to predict the next day’s stock price, while the second group used the Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) indicator to forecast the future direction of price movements. The empirical application was conducted on the DWX index as a representative of the entire study population, based on daily data covering the period from 2019 to 2022. The study reached significant findings that are consistent with global trends in financial forecasting using artificial intelligence. The implemented LSTM model exhibited very high predictive accuracy, as the arithmetic means of the predicted values (DWX closing values and MACD values for the test period) were almost identical to the arithmetic means of the actual realized values, reflecting the model’s ability to capture complex patterns in financial time series. These results are in line with recent international evidence, including empirical studies on the S&P 500 and emerging markets, which report prediction accuracies exceeding 90% for LSTM-based models when combined with technical indicators such as EMA and MACD
Microplastics in Aquatic Systems: Detection, Degradation, and Toxicological Implications
Due to their persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential health hazards, microplastics—plastic particles smaller than 5 mm—have become widespread contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. Primary sources like microbeads in personal care items and secondary sources like plastic trash broken down by physical, chemical, and biological processes cause their ubiquitous presence. microscopy, FTIR, Raman, and Py-GC/MS strengths and weaknesses, and microplastic detection and characterisation in freshwater and marine environments. Barriers to effective measurement include separating microplastics from natural particles and standardizing sample techniques. While photodegradation, chemical oxidation, and microbial biodegradation may reduce microplastic buildup in natural aquatic environments, their efficacy is questionable. Microplastics' physical and chemical effects on aquatic species including plankton and fish, as well as their potential to transport heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, and diseases, are examined. Seafood eating may cause trophic transfer, oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic disturbance, according to laboratory research.
Digital Transformation of Civil Justice and Its Impact on Fair Trial Guarantees: An Analytical, Descriptive, and Comparative Study
This study aims to analyze the reality of digital transformation in civil justice and its impact on fair trial guarantees, in the context of the accelerated adoption of technological tools (electronic filing, remote hearings, artificial intelligence) following the COVID-19 pandemic. It focuses on the extent to which these systems can enhance efficiency and access to justice without compromising the principles of publicity, equality of arms, effective defense rights, and privacy, as stipulated in international instruments (Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 14 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights). The research adopts an analytical, descriptive, and comparative methodology, drawing on prior studies and international experiences (Portugal with RAL+ and Magistratus platforms) and national ones (Algeria through Laws 15-03 and 20-04). It reveals that digital transformation achieves significant advantages in accelerating procedures and reducing costs, yet it raises challenges such as digital exclusion, lack of transparency, and privacy risks. The study concludes with the necessity of a comprehensive legislative framework, secure infrastructure, and periodic human rights impact assessments to achieve balanced digital justice.
The Effect of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Adoption on Financial Transparency
The adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) has become an important milestone in the process of improving the comparability and transparency of worldwide financial transactions. evaluating the influence that the adoption of IFRS has had on the quality and reliability of financial reporting, as well as the effect that it has had on the financial transparency across various areas. The study investigates how the standardisation of financial reporting might improve the uniformity, accuracy, and comprehensibility of financial statements. This is accomplished by analysing the experiences of nations that have implemented the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Concerns pertaining to training, legal frameworks, and the cultural acceptance of new financial reporting procedures are among the challenges and benefits associated with the move from local accounting standards to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). In this study, the influence of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on investor confidence, corporate governance, and market efficiency is evaluated through the use of case studies from both developed and emerging markets. The findings indicate that although the implementation of IFRS results in a significant improvement in financial transparency, the effectiveness of this improvement is contingent on a number of conditions, including the degree of market maturity and the robustness of enforcement mechanisms. In order to maximise the potential of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) to promote financial openness and global market integration, policy ideas are being offered to improve the implementation of IFRS, particularly in emerging economies.
Digital Governance of Heritage: Towards a Modern Model for Managing Archaeological Sites
The management of archaeological sites has evolved significantly in the digital era, where traditional governance approaches are increasingly complemented by information technologies. This paper examines the concept of digital governance for heritage sites, highlighting how modern tools such as digital mapping, virtual tours, and database management systems enhance the preservation, accessibility, and administration of cultural heritage. It proposes a modern model for managing archaeological sites that integrates technology with institutional governance frameworks, ensuring sustainability, transparency, and community engagement. The study emphasizes the interplay between digital tools, policy implementation, and stakeholder participation to achieve efficient and ethical heritage management.
Bilingual Education: Benefits and Challenges in Multilingual Societies
Bilingual education in multilingual societies like India presents both significant benefits and challenges. This research paper explores the advantages of bilingual education, such as cognitive development, cultural preservation, and economic opportunities, as well as the obstacles, including resource constraints, linguistic hierarchies, and policy implementation. By examining case studies and academic research within the Indian context, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of bilingual education's role in enhancing educational outcomes and social cohesion.
Philosophy and the Challenge of the Environmental Crisis: Its Future Direction
Environmental philosophers can illuminate a variety of distinctive concepts that underlie our environmental crisis. This is achieved through examining both the material effects of human beings on the planet and the individuals who have produced those effects. Historically, the relationship between human beings and nature has passed through three historical stages: from mere dependence upon the forces of nature and their veneration to anthropocentrism, in which human beings believe themselves to be the masters of nature, and then to the contemporary era, a new epoch in which development and the environment are called upon to exist in harmony. From a theoretical perspective, reflecting on environmental ethics from a philosophical standpoint is highly important. Such reflection helps people better understand the source of the environmental crisis and raises public awareness of environmental issues. The study concludes that the field of environmental philosophy can renew its research orientation and content so that its ultimate mission does not diverge from environmental reality. Rather, it engages with the current state of ecological nature and social development, transforms people's behavior and conceptions of environmental protection, and establishes effective methods and measures to improve the relationships between human beings and nature and between nature and society.
Evolution, sovereignty and regulation: the global and the Indian story of CBDC
Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) are no more conceptual offerings. They have moved to be an integral part of the monetary systems of countries. Central Banks have moved ahead from experimenting to giving structure to it technically as well building guidance and regulations around it. This chapter traces the global evolution of CBDCs covering the initial experiments in the 1990s, covering the juxtaposition against cryptocurrencies, to the present stage of implementations woven by due regulations. It covers various international experiments from the Bahamas, to the US of A, China and EU. It also evaluates the responses and the guidance of the large relevant Institutions like the IMF and BIS covering multiple aspects like transparency, confidence levels of users, inclusivity, financial inclusion, possible concerns and sovereignty. Keeping the international developments in the background, the paper peeks into India’s journey in sufficient details. It analyses the journey of e₹ through the Institutional as well as Consumer’s lens. The authors also compare the same in the context of the existing payment mechanism systems prevalent in India. The chapter makes in-depth pursuit of the evolving regulatory aspects and federal jurisdictions. In all, the chapter contributes to the growing literature on digital public infrastructure by positioning CBDCs as a foundational transformation in the future of money and payments systems.
The Legal Nature of the Intelligent Electronic Agent in Electronic Transactions: Concepts and Challenges
The intelligent electronic agent constitutes one of the most significant manifestations of artificial intelligence deployment in the legal sphere. It refers to a second-generation digital software program, grounded in artificial intelligence, installed on automated devices to execute designated tasks and autonomously render decisions in the formation of electronic contracts. This technology profoundly influences both the digital ecosystem and the legal landscape. The present study delineates the legal nature of the intelligent electronic agent and elucidates the contemporary legal challenges attendant upon its utilization. It examines the persistent discrepancy between technological progress and prevailing legislative frameworks, with particular emphasis on critical issues including legal liability, data protection, and the validity of electronic contracts. The analysis culminates in several key findings. Foremost among them is the recognition that attributing independent legal personality to the intelligent electronic agent remains a profoundly intricate proposition. While the agent exhibits notable autonomy, initiative, environmental interaction, and capacity to engage in contract formation, it remains inextricably tethered to the human programmer or operator who designed or deploys it. Consequently, the study underscores the imperative to remedy existing legislative lacunae by accommodating innovative contracting modalities—such as those facilitated by intelligent agents—and integrating them as integral components of the contemporary legal order.