`Cadernos de Pós-Graduação em Direito Político e Econômico
Cadernos de Pós-Graduação em Direito Político e Econômico (ISSN: 1678-2127) is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Centro de Estudos Acadêmicos Press. The journal serves as a platform for rigorous scholarly dialogue on the intersections of law, political science, and economic theory, with a particular emphasis on postgraduate research and interdisciplinary perspectives. Indexed in ABDC Journal Quality List (Category C), it welcomes original articles, critical essays, and theoretical contributions that explore legal frameworks, governance systems, and economic policies from both national and international contexts. The journal is committed to advancing academic discourse and policy insights in the fields of political and economic law.
Centro de Estudos Acadêmicos Press [ceapress.org]
All articles published in Cadernos de Pós-Graduação em Direito Político e Econômico / Postgraduate Notebooks in Political and Economic Law are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY NC 4.0). This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and used for Non-Commercial Purposes only.
The Role of Technology Business Incubators in Supporting and Mentoring Startups in Algeria
This study aims to highlight the key role that startups have come to play in contemporary economies, as governments have sought to provide a number of support mechanisms for these enterprises. Perhaps the most prominent of these mechanisms are technology business incubators, which provide the necessary facilities and assistance for establishing startups, particularly those based on new technological initiatives. The significance of this study lies in highlighting the role played by startups through their contribution to enhancing creativity and innovation, as well as by strengthening the relationship between research centers and productive enterprises. The study concluded that business incubators play a vital role in developing and supporting startups and transforming those ideas into successful projects within the framework of a national strategy for economic development.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A A Study on Consumers’ Preferences Towards Different Mobile Brands
The mobile phone industry has witnessed rapid technological advancement, leading to increased consumer awareness and intense competition among domestic and international brands. This study aims to examine consumer preferences towards different mobile phone brands and to analyse the influence of demographic factors such as age, gender, and income on brand preference. The study is descriptive and empirical in nature and is based on the survey method. The findings reveal that both male and female consumers exhibit similar preferences while selecting mobile phone brands.. Higher-income consumers tend to prioritize product quality, performance, and after-sales service, whereas lower-income consumers are more price-sensitive. The study also indicates that younger consumers are influenced by style, entertainment features, and social trends in their brand choices. The study concludes that demographic characteristics, particularly age and income, significantly influence consumer preferences towards mobile phone brands. Therefore, mobile phone companies should adopt market segmentation strategies and design products and marketing campaigns that address the varying needs and expectations of different consumer groups to enhance customer satisfaction and brand loyalty.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr Barasha Bhuyan, Debabrata Dutta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Effectiveness of Self-Acupressure in Reducing Migraine Frequency and Severity
Migraine is a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of moderate to severe headache, often accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and phonophobia. Migraine attacks can significantly impair daily functioning, reduce productivity, and negatively affect quality of life. Although pharmacological treatments are widely used for migraine management, concerns regarding medication overuse, side effects, and treatment costs have led to growing interest in complementary self-care approaches such as self-acupressure. The findings demonstrated that participants who practiced self-acupressure experienced a significant reduction in the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. Improvements were also observed in headache duration, associated symptoms, and reliance on pain-relieving medications. Participants reported enhanced relaxation, better coping ability, and improved overall quality of life. No serious adverse effects were reported, indicating that self-acupressure is a safe and well-tolerated intervention. Self-acupressure appears to be an effective, safe, and inexpensive complementary therapy for reducing migraine frequency and severity. Its ease of application and potential for self-management make it a valuable non-pharmacological option for individuals seeking additional strategies for migraine control. Further large-scale randomized controlled trials are recommended to confirm these findings and establish standardized self-acupressure protocols for migraine management.
Economic Growth Dynamics in Emerging Economies: The Impact of Monetary Policy, Oil Price Shocks, and Capital Flows - Evidence from Panel Data Models
This study examines the effects of monetary policy, foreign direct investment (FDI), oil prices, and international reserves on economic growth in selected emerging economies. The analysis uses annual panel data for eight countries (Turkey, Egypt, Mexico, Algeria, Indonesia, Malaysia, Brazil, and South Africa) over 2000–2024. The empirical strategy applies the Pooled Mean Group Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) model and a Panel Error Correction Model (ECM). Results confirm a long-run equilibrium relationship among variables. In the long run, FDI, oil prices, and international reserves positively affect growth, while monetary expansion has a negative effect. Inflation is insignificant. Short-run results indicate rapid adjustment toward equilibrium with heterogeneous country responses. Granger causality shows unidirectional causality from money supply to growth and linkages between oil prices and liquidity. The findings highlight that sustainable growth requires coordinated macroeconomic policies, effective monetary transmission, and stronger external stability.
Acupressure for the Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: A Clinical Study
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) are among the most common and distressing side effects experienced by cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Despite advances in antiemetic medications, many patients continue to experience nausea, vomiting, and reduced quality of life. Consequently, there is growing interest in complementary therapies such as acupressure to enhance symptom management and improve patient comfort. Patients who received acupressure in addition to standard antiemetic treatment demonstrated a significant reduction in the frequency and severity of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting compared to those receiving standard treatment alone. Participants also reported improved comfort, better appetite, and enhanced ability to perform daily activities. No significant adverse effects related to acupressure were reported, indicating that the intervention was safe and well tolerated. The findings of this clinical study suggest that acupressure is an effective complementary therapy for reducing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Its non-invasive nature, ease of application, low cost, and favorable safety profile make it a valuable adjunct to conventional antiemetic treatment. Incorporating acupressure into supportive cancer care may improve symptom control and enhance the quality of life of patients undergoing chemotherapy. Further large-scale studies are recommended to confirm these findings and establish standardized clinical protocols.
Environmental Accounting as a Tool for an Organization's Contribution to Supporting Sustainable Development
This study examines the role of environmental accounting in achieving sustainable development by analyzing the theoretical foundations of both concepts and exploring the relationship between them. Using a descriptive-analytical approach based on a review of relevant literature, the study highlights the importance of environmental accounting as a tool for measuring and disclosing environmental costs and impacts. The findings indicate that environmental accounting contributes to improving environmental performance, enhancing transparency and accountability, supporting informed decision-making, and promoting the efficient use of resources. Furthermore, it facilitates the integration of environmental considerations into organizational strategies, thereby supporting the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of sustainable development. The study concludes that environmental accounting is a key mechanism for advancing sustainability objectives and fostering long-term environmental and economic balance.
Smart Cities and Intelligent Architecture: Integrating Digital Technologies into Urban Design
The rapid pace of urbanization and technological advancement has transformed the way cities are planned, designed, and managed. Increasing population density, infrastructure demands, environmental challenges, and the need for efficient public services have accelerated the adoption of smart city concepts across the world. Smart cities integrate digital technologies with urban infrastructure to enhance the quality of life, improve resource utilization, strengthen environmental sustainability, and promote economic development. Intelligent architecture serves as a fundamental component of this transformation by incorporating advanced technologies into building design and urban planning to create adaptive, efficient, and resilient built environments. the role of smart cities and intelligent architecture in integrating digital technologies into urban design. the evolution of smart urban development and highlights the application of emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data analytics, Building Information Modeling (BIM), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Digital Twins, cloud computing, and smart sensor networks. These technologies enable real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, intelligent energy management, automated building operations, smart transportation systems, and data-driven decision-making that improve the efficiency and sustainability of urban environments.
The Prophetic Hadith School in Andalusia in the Third Century AH: A Study in the Scientific Formation and Intellectual Impact of Imam Baqi ibn Makhlad (D. 276 AH/889 CE)
This Article Examines the Role of Imam Baqi ibn Makhlad (D. 276 AH) in Establishing the School of Hadith Studies in Andalusia. It does so by Studying His Scholarly Development and His Voyage to the Orient, highlighting His Contributions to Serving the Prophetic Sunnah and Disseminating Hadith Sciences in the Islamic West. The Central Issue of this Study is to Determine the Extent of Baqi ibn Makhlad's Contribution to Laying the Foundations of the Prophetic Hadith School in Andalusia and His Influence on the Intellectual Movement there. We have Concluded that His Scholarly Voyage had A Profound Impact on His Intellectual Development and the Transmission of the Prophetic Hadith Heritage to Andalusia. His Writings and Efforts in Disseminating Prophetic Hadith and Organizing Scholarly Gatherings Contributed to Establishing a Robust School of Prophetic Hadith Studies, making Andalusia One of the Formidable Centers of Learning for Scholars of Prophetic Hadith.
Addressing AI Systemic Bias and Injustice: Obstacles and Solutions
The increasing prevalence of AI in decision-making systems has raised valid concerns over equity and bias, especially in sectors with high stakes such as healthcare, banking, employment, and criminal justice. Machine learning models are typically touted as being objective, but they can actually inherit and amplify biases in the training data, algorithms, or system architecture. These prejudices have the potential to have a disproportionate effect on some demographics, which could cause people to lose faith in AI systems and even cause discrimination. the root causes and consequences of AI bias, which encompass prejudice in data, bias in algorithms, and bias in humans. Some of the subjects explored include imbalanced datasets, historical inequalities, and problems with feature selection. Biased predictions and conclusions may result from these errors. In order to evaluate and quantify bias in ML models, the research digs further into crucial equity metrics like demographic parity, equal opportunity, and disproportionate effect. In light of these concerns, the paper investigates a range of mitigating strategies that aim to advance AI justice. Data rebalancing and bias correction are examples of pre-processing approaches that incorporate fairness requirements into model training. Post-processing processes change model outputs to ensure equitable outcomes. Accountability and justice can be enhanced through the use of openness, explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), and regulatory frameworks, which are also discussed.
The Reality of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Algeria and Their Role in Achieving Economic Development
Entrepreneurship and Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) have received increasing attention from governments and researchers over the past decades due to their pivotal role in promoting economic growth, reducing unemployment, and achieving sustainable development. SMEs are considered one of the main pillars of modern economies because of their significant contribution to job creation, fostering innovation, and diversifying the productive base. Recognizing their importance, the Algerian authorities have devoted greater attention to developing this sector by adopting policies and programs aimed at supporting SMEs and encouraging investment in them. Within this context, this study seeks to assess the current state of small and medium-sized enterprises in Algeria by analyzing the evolution of their number and examining the main economic activities in which they operate, thereby highlighting their role and contribution to supporting the national economy.
Optimization of the Flow of Traffic Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Are Being Utilized.
As a result of rapid population growth, greater vehicle ownership, and inadequate infrastructure, metropolitan areas are witnessing a significant increase in the amount of traffic congestion that they are experiencing. An inefficient flow of traffic not only results in delays and economic losses, but it also adds to an increase in the amount of fuel that is consumed and the production of pollution in the air. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have developed as a cutting-edge technology that can increase overall transportation efficiency and optimize the flow of traffic. the implementation of ITS technologies for the purpose of managing and improving the way urban traffic flows. Some of the components of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) that are investigated in this study are traffic signal control systems, real-time traffic monitoring, adaptive traffic management, and communication between vehicles and infrastructure. The information that is gathered from sensors, cameras, and devices that are equipped with GPS is evaluated in order to keep track of the current traffic conditions and to make effective adjustments to the traffic control systems. whether or not Intelligent Transportation Systems are effective in reducing congestion, lowering travel time, and improving road safety. A number of strategies, including adaptive signal control, route guidance systems, and congestion pricing, are being investigated to determine the extent to which they can alleviate traffic congestion. In addition to this, the study takes into consideration the incorporation of developing technologies like artificial intelligence and data analytics into the planning and control of traffic.
The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT): Its Advantages and Implications for Economic Development in Contracting States
As a result of the inability of the Paris Union Agreement for Industrial Property to cover the procedural aspect of the patent system, international efforts have tended towards proposing a new international system for inventions embodied in the Washington Treaty on patent Cooperation of 1970. This treaty includes several advantages, which the most important is that it simplified the procedures for the international protection of the invention by stipulating a central system for filing and examining international patent applications. It also brings other benefits to the member states, especially developing ones, by receiving technical services that support their development and enhance their economic growth.
Applications of Deep Learning in Healthcare Systems
Deep Learning has emerged as one of the most significant branches of Artificial Intelligence and has transformed modern healthcare systems through advanced data analysis and intelligent decision-making. The technology enables computers to learn from large volumes of medical data, including medical images, patient records, laboratory reports, and genetic information. Deep Learning models are widely used in disease diagnosis, medical imaging, drug discovery, personalized treatment, and patient monitoring. These systems improve the accuracy, speed, and efficiency of healthcare services while reducing human error. In healthcare, Deep Learning techniques such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are applied for detecting diseases like cancer, diabetes, heart disorders, and neurological conditions at early stages. The integration of Deep Learning with wearable devices and smart healthcare systems also supports remote patient monitoring and telemedicine services. Furthermore, AI-powered healthcare applications assist doctors in clinical decision-making and enhance hospital management systems.
Analysis of Sales Budget Variance and Its Determinants in the Economic Enterprise: A Case Study of SCIMAT (Algeria), 2021–2024
This study investigates the variance between budgeted sales and actual sales in SCIMAT, an Algerian industrial cement enterprise, over the period 2021–2024. The research aims to assess the extent to which the sales budget reflects actual organizational performance and to identify the key determinants of observed deviations. A mixed descriptive–analytical case study approach is adopted using quantitative data from annual budget reports and actual sales records, complemented by qualitative insights from interviews with budgeting personnel. Variance analysis and trend evaluation are applied to measure deviations across product categories, including cement, clinker, and aggregates. Findings reveal persistent and significant variances between planned and actual sales, particularly in cement and aggregates. Clinker sales exhibited high volatility across the period. The results indicate that forecast inaccuracy, discount policies, market competition, and demand fluctuations are the primary drivers of deviations. Additionally, the budgeting process remains largely top-down and reliant on historical data rather than advanced forecasting methods. The study concludes that improving budget accuracy requires the adoption of quantitative forecasting techniques, participatory budgeting practices, and systematic variance analysis to enhance managerial decision-making and organizational performance.
Evolution of Human-Computer Interaction in the AI Era
Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) refers to the study and design of communication between humans and computer systems. In the modern AI era, rapid advancements in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing, and smart technologies have significantly transformed the way humans interact with digital devices and computing systems. Traditional interaction methods based on keyboards, mice, and graphical user interfaces have evolved into more intelligent, adaptive, and user-friendly communication systems involving voice recognition, virtual assistants, gesture control, facial recognition, and immersive technologies. The integration of Artificial Intelligence into HCI has improved the efficiency, accessibility, and personalization of digital interactions. AI-powered systems can understand user behavior, preferences, emotions, and intentions, enabling more natural and intelligent communication between humans and machines. Technologies such as chatbots, virtual assistants, augmented reality, virtual reality, and smart wearable devices have revolutionized user experiences across various sectors including healthcare, education, business, entertainment, transportation, and customer service.
Legal and Regulatory Gaps in Executive Decree No. 21-219 Approving the General Administrative Clauses for Public Procurement
This study aims to examine the legal and regulatory gaps related to Executive Decree No. 21-219 approving the General Administrative Clauses for public works contracts, by analyzing its ability to keep pace with recent legislative and administrative developments in Algeria, particularly in light of Law No. 23-12 on public procurement and public service delegations. The analysis shows that, despite its importance in regulating the execution phase of public works contracts, the decree suffers from several shortcomings, including the lack of clarity regarding the binding nature of its provisions, the weak and limited integration of the environmental dimension, and deficiencies in addressing digital transformation within the public procurement system.
Strategic Cost Management Practices and Organizational Performance
Strategic cost management has emerged as an essential approach for organizations seeking to enhance operational efficiency and achieve sustainable competitive advantage in an increasingly dynamic business environment. the relationship between strategic cost management practices and organizational performance by exploring the adoption of techniques such as activity-based costing, target costing, value chain analysis, life cycle costing, and continuous cost improvement. how these practices contribute to cost optimization, resource utilization, decision-making, profitability, and overall organizational effectiveness. A quantitative research design was employed using structured questionnaires administered to managers and accounting professionals across selected organizations. The collected data were analyzed using appropriate statistical techniques to determine the influence of strategic cost management practices on key performance indicators. The findings indicate that organizations implementing strategic cost management practices experience significant improvements in financial performance, operational efficiency, and strategic decision-making. integrating strategic cost management into organizational planning enables firms to respond more effectively to market competition while maintaining long-term profitability and sustainability. The research provides valuable insights for business managers, policymakers, and accounting professionals seeking to strengthen organizational performance through effective cost management strategies.
The System of Legislation by Presidential Ordinances and the Principle of the Separation of Powers Enshrined in the 2020 Constitutional Amendment
To ensure that constitutional rules remain the supreme legal norms and are properly implemented and effectively applied, modern constitutions founded on the principle of the rule of law have established a number of safeguards designed to serve as genuine and permanent restraints against the abuse of power and the encroachment of public authorities upon the powers assigned to them by the Constitution. The foremost of these safeguards is the institutional and functional implementation of the principle of the separation of powers, which constitutes a fundamental legal standard for guaranteeing the supremacy and effectiveness of constitutional rules from a formal perspective. This principle is further reinforced by other legal mechanisms, including constitutional review of legislation and the independence of the judiciary, thereby strengthening constitutional supremacy from a substantive perspective. Nevertheless, constitutional practice has demonstrated that the Algerian political system has consistently tended to upset the balance among the branches of government in favor of the executive authority. Consequently, the principle of the separation of powers alone has proven insufficient to ensure the effective protection of constitutional rules.
A Clinical Trial on Acupuncture for the Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting Induced by Chemotherapy
One of the most prevalent and unpleasant side effects that cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy often encounter is chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Antiemetic medicine has come a long way, yet many patients still suffer from nausea, vomiting, and a diminished quality of life. As a result, acupressure and other complementary therapies are gaining popularity as ways to alleviate symptoms and promote patient well-being. The frequency and severity of nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy were significantly reduced in patients who got acupressure in addition to normal antiemetic medication, as compared to those who received standard treatment alone. In addition to these benefits, participants noted an increase in their appetite, comfort, and capacity to carry out their regular tasks. The intervention was well-tolerated and safe because no serious side effects associated with acupressure were reported. The results of this clinical trial provide more evidence that acupressure can help alleviate nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy. As an additional tool to traditional antiemetic therapy, it is highly advantageous due to its non-invasiveness, simplicity of administration, inexpensive cost, and positive safety profile. Patients receiving chemotherapy may find their symptoms better managed and their quality of life improved if acupressure is included in their supportive cancer treatment. It is advised that additional large-scale research be conducted to validate these results and create uniform clinical guidelines.
Criminal Protection of the Principle of Freedom of Access to Public Services Through the Criminalization of Favoritism: An Analytical Study in Light of Law No. 06-01 Relating to The Prevention and Combating of Corruption
This research aims to study the criminal protection of the principle of free access to public procurement through the criminalization of favoritism, in light of the provisions of Law No. 06-01 concerning the prevention and combating of corruption, as amended and supplemented. The analysis focuses on the legal framework of the crime of favoritism in the field of public procurement, by outlining its elements, the conditions for its establishment, and the most significant legal and practical issues it raises, given its connection to a field characterized by continuous development and a multitude of legislative and regulatory texts. The research concludes with a set of findings and recommendations, most notably the need to strengthen corruption prevention mechanisms by activating codes of conduct and ethics for public service, and obligating all public employees to review and adhere to their provisions, while establishing effective mechanisms to monitor their implementation and evaluate compliance. It also recommends including explicit provisions in municipal and provincial laws that require elected local officials to undergo prior training in public procurement and professional ethics before their appointment, thereby contributing to the consolidation of the principles of transparency, equality, and free access to public procurement, and reducing favoritism practices.
The Future of Artificial Intelligence in Industry 5.0
Industry 5.0 represents a paradigm shift from technology-driven industrial automation toward a human-centric, sustainable, and resilient manufacturing ecosystem. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a key enabler of this transformation by integrating intelligent decision-making, predictive analytics, collaborative robotics, and real-time data processing with human expertise. the evolving role of AI in Industry 5.0, highlighting its potential to enhance productivity, innovation, operational efficiency, and environmental sustainability while maintaining the central role of human workers AI technologies, including machine learning, deep learning, computer vision, natural language processing, and digital twins, and analyzes their applications across manufacturing, healthcare, logistics, and smart supply chains. Furthermore, the paper discusses the challenges associated with AI adoption, including ethical concerns, cybersecurity risks, workforce reskilling, data privacy, regulatory compliance, and implementation costs. identifies emerging trends such as explainable AI, edge intelligence, generative AI, autonomous systems, and human-AI collaboration that are expected to shape the future of Industry 5.0. Based on a comprehensive review of recent literature, the paper concludes that AI will play a transformative role in creating intelligent, sustainable, and resilient industrial ecosystems that balance technological advancement with human well-being.
Human Perception of Intelligent Systems and Its Relationship to Professional Information Processing Among a Sample of Workers – The Biometric Technical Center – A Field Study in the City of Laghouat.
The present study aimed to explore the relationship between the perception of smart systems and professional information processing among employees at the National Biometric Center in the Wilaya of Laghouat. Additionally, it sought to determine the levels of these variables and detect any statistically significant differences based on gender (male/female). To achieve these objectives, a descriptive correlational and comparative method was adopted. Appropriate psychometric measurement tools were applied to a sample of center employees. Following the statistical analysis of the data, the study revealed the following main results: There is a statistically significant positive (direct) correlational relationship between the perception of smart systems and professional information processing among the sample members. There are no statistically significant differences in the levels of perceiving smart systems and professional information processing attributable to the gender variable (males/females), reflecting cognitive and professional homogeneity within the digital work environment. Based on these findings, the study recommended the necessity of enhancing digital awareness by organizing specialized training courses that focus on understanding the philosophy of smart systems. It also emphasized designing user-friendly interfaces to reduce cognitive load under work pressure and prioritizing the psychological and cognitive well-being of employees to minimize technical distractions.
Zooplankton's Function in the Nutrient Cycle of Freshwater Ecosystems for the Environment
Zooplankton are essential trophic linkages between primary producers and higher consumers in freshwater ecosystems. They play a role in regulating energy flow and nutrient cycling in these ecosystems. Their grazing on phytoplankton has an impact on primary production and the structure of the community, and it also contributes to the recycling of essential nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. This is accomplished by sloppy feeding, death, and excretion. Zooplankton, which are both consumers and recyclers of nutrients, play a significant ecological role in the dynamics of nutrient cycles. In addition to having an effect on the species composition of specific types of algae through selective grazing, field surveys and experimental investigations have demonstrated that zooplankton-mediated nutrient regeneration increases the availability of nutrients in the euphotic zone, which in turn maintains the productivity of phytoplankton. Zooplankton exhibit a wide range of functional diversity in terms of their ability to influence the pathways of the nutrient cycle. This diversity is highlighted by the distinctions that exist between taxonomic groups, such as rotifers, copepods, and cladocerans. Environmental factors like as temperature, eutrophication, and anthropogenic influences, which alter the community structure of zooplankton, have an effect on the efficiency and direction of nutrient recycling. These factors also have impacts on the direction of recycling. Using these ecological insights, the study demonstrates how vital zooplankton are to the success of freshwater ecosystems in terms of their ability to achieve productivity, stability, and resilience. One of the most significant roles that they play in lake management and conservation efforts is the preservation of biological services, and another is the reduction of eutrophication.
The Impact of Globalization on Intercultural Communication
This article examines the impact of globalization on intercultural communication by demonstrating its role in fostering closer relations among peoples through advances in communication and transportation, which have facilitated the exchange of ideas, knowledge, and customs and promoted dialogue and understanding among different cultures. The study also discusses the negative aspects of globalization, including the dominance of some cultures over others and the resulting threats to cultural identity and civilizational diversity. It concludes that globalization represents an opportunity to strengthen cooperation and cultural openness when properly employed, provided that national identity and cultural distinctiveness are preserved and that a balance is maintained between openness to the world and the protection of each society’s values and cultural heritage.
Effects of Pesticides on Different Stages of Amphibian Development
Due to their ecological sensitivity, aquatic-terrestrial life cycles, and porous skin, amphibians are more likely than other vertebrates to be polluted by chemicals from farming. the effects that pesticides used in farming have on the life cycle of amphibians, especially during the metamorphic, embryonic, and larval stages, which are all very important for the species' survival. Field observations and controlled laboratory studies show that even small amounts of pesticides can stop normal development and growth. They can also delay hatching, lower survival rates, change the shape of animals, and stop metamorphosis. Herbicides like atrazine mess up the way hormones work, which can cause problems with gonadal development and the ratios of males to females. Organophosphates, carbamates, and neonicotinoids also mess up the way brain and hormones work. Pesticides raise the risk of death in larval stages by making it harder for them to feed, fight off infections, and avoid being eaten. Changes in temperature, habitat loss, and the spread of disease are some of the environmental factors that make developmental problems worse. The synergistic effects of pesticide combinations are another factor.
CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS SMARTPHONE BRANDS: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY
The smartphone market has become highly competitive due to rapid technological advancements, increasing product variety, and continuously changing consumer expectations. In the modern digital era, smartphones have transformed from basic communication devices into multifunctional platforms that support education, entertainment, online banking, professional activities, social networking, and personal lifestyle management. As a result, smartphone manufacturers are facing intense competition to attract and retain customers by offering innovative features, improved performance, competitive pricing, and enhanced user experiences. Understanding consumer buying behaviour has therefore become essential for smartphone companies to develop effective marketing strategies and achieve sustainable growth. This study analyses the various factors affecting consumer buying behaviour towards smartphone brands and examines their influence on purchase decisions. The research focuses on key determinants such as brand image, perceived product quality, price sensitivity, technological innovation, social influence, customer satisfaction, and brand loyalty. Brand image plays a significant role in shaping consumer perceptions and trust, while perceived quality influences expectations regarding product performance, durability, reliability, and overall value. Price sensitivity reflects the importance of affordability and value for money, especially in a market where consumers compare multiple brands before making purchase decisions. Technological innovation, including advanced camera features, artificial intelligence capabilities, battery performance, processing power, and connectivity options, has emerged as a major factor influencing consumer preferences.
A Sociological View on the Relationship Between Sports and National Identity
It has long been acknowledged that sports are potent social institutions that mold national identity, collective consciousness, and cultural values. In addition to being fun and a great way to get some exercise, sports also provide a forum for national pride, tradition, ambition, and history. Celebrity athletes, national teams, and international athletic events may serve as powerful symbols of national pride and solidarity, bringing people together and making them feel like they belong. The connection between sports and national identity has emerged as a significant field of sociological study due to the pervasive impact of globalization, media expansion, and international competition on contemporary society. from a sociological vantage point, sports and national identity. Through common experiences, rituals, and symbols, as well as group involvement, it delves into how sports can build, express, and strengthen national identity. The power of athletic events to bring people together as a nation, foster social harmony, and instill a sense of civic pride, especially during global contests when athletes represent their nations. Additionally, the study delves into the ways in which sports serve as platforms for conveying cultural values, historical narratives, and national ambitions.
Psychological Influence of Artificial Intelligence on the Language and Thinking of Young People: A Sociolinguistic Perspective
This article examines how the overuse of artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models is affecting the minds, language, and identity of young people. The author warns that by allowing algorithms to automatically write and complete our ideas due to the "law of least effort," the brain stops working, leading to cognitive atrophy and a loss of critical thinking. From a sociolinguistic perspective, the text argues that digital tools impose a neutral, corporate language that destroys creative spark, youth slang, and individual voice. Furthermore, it accelerates the displacement of minority languages by dominant ones like English, through phenomena such as Spanglish or Arabīzī. Finally, the article advocates for defending "Cognitive Sovereignty"-the right to think for oneself- and transforming education so that classrooms prioritize spontaneity, face-to-face communication, and the human thought process over the final product generated by a machine.
Physical Education in Schools Promotes Holistic Development
As a vital part of a well-rounded education, physical education helps children grow in all aspects of their being. A child's intellectual, emotional, social, and moral development are all greatly enhanced through physical education programs, in addition to the obvious health benefits. Physical education is more crucial than ever before in today's youth to promote healthy lifestyles, balanced development, and resilience in the face of rising rates of sedentary behavior, reliance on technology, and health problems. Students can benefit greatly from the regulated opportunities for physical activity that schools provide and from the guidance they receive in developing healthy habits that will last a lifetime. the significance of school-based physical education programs for all-around growth. Studying the effects of PE on health, fitness, motor skill development, emotional stability, social competence, and academic achievement is the focus here. The significance of physical education in enhancing general health, cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength, flexibility, and coordination. Stress reduction, higher self-esteem, more confidence, and better emotional control are some of the psychological advantages of exercise that are explored in this research
Definition (Ḥadd) and Definition (Taʿrīf) in Linguistic Thought: A Conceptual and Epistemological Approach
Ḥadd (essential definition) and taʿrīf (definition) are among the most fundamental epistemic tools employed by the sciences to construct concepts and standardize terminology. Perspectives on these notions have varied according to different intellectual traditions. Philosophers viewed them as means of revealing the essence of things and distinguishing them from one another, whereas scholars of uṣūl al-fiqh (Islamic legal theory) devoted particular attention to them because of their role in ensuring precision and eliminating ambiguity. Linguistics, in turn, has reappropriated these concepts within its own scientific framework, using them to establish a coherent terminological system and to define the relationships among linguistic concepts.
Virtual Reality's Potential to Improve Stroke Rehabilitative Results
The area of rehabilitation has recently seen the emergence of virtual reality (VR) as a potentially valuable tool. It offers a dynamic and engaging setting that could inspire patients to actively participate in their care. ln order to find out if rehabilitation programs that use virtual reality (VR) help stroke patients with their physical and cognitive abilities. Metrics like motor function, balance, gait, and quality of life were the focus of our extensive literature and clinical trial review. Researchers found that compared to more conventional methods of treatment, virtual reality (VR) therapies significantly enhanced motor recovery and balance. Virtual reality (VR) therapies can be tailored to each client's unique needs, and it promotes neuroplasticity as well. Despite its numerous benefits, several challenges have been identified, such as cost, accessibility, and patient compliance. While there is significant potential in VR-based rehabilitation, more large-scale experiments are needed to establish standardized protocols and assess its long-term effectiveness. the significance of new technologies in improving patient outcomes and radically altering the course of stroke rehabilitation.
Transforming Waste into Compassion: A Case Study of Jagjit Singh's Social Entrepreneurship Initiative for Sustainable Animal Care
Urban India faces two interconnected challenges: rising volumes of solid waste and a growing population of stray animals requiring shelter and care. Social entrepreneurship has emerged as an effective approach to addressing such interconnected societal problems through innovative and sustainable solutions (Saebi et al., 2019). This paper presents a qualitative case study of Jagjit Singh, a social entrepreneur from Gurugram, Haryana, who transformed discarded fibre paint drums into weather-resistant shelters for stray dogs, through his organization, Stray talk India. Beginning with a simple observation in 2017, Singh's initiative evolved into a community-driven movement that has distributed 28000 of recycled shelters free of cost so far. This study aims to examine how a waste-upcycling initiative for animal welfare emerged, scaled, and sustained itself as a community-driven social enterprise, and to identify the key factors underlying its success. Drawing on secondary data from media reports, news narratives, and social media content, the study examines how a simple, low-cost idea grew into a sustainable, community-driven movement through upcycling, volunteer participation, and digital outreach. The findings indicate that resource innovation, environmental sustainability, compassion-driven leadership, and community engagement are critical factors underlying the initiative's success. The paper concludes with recommendations for scaling such models through collaboration with municipalities, animal welfare organizations, and citizen groups. Overall, the study demonstrates how waste materials can be converted into valuable social assets through entrepreneurial innovation, generating measurable environmental and humanitarian benefits.
Redesigning Democratic Public Health Policies in the Wake of a Pandemic
In light of the fact that the COVID-19 outbreak brought to light significant shortcomings in public health systems all across the world, democratic nations were compelled to examine and adjust their policies toward public health. The manner in which post-pandemic governance in democracies is addressing challenges pertaining to policy frameworks, societal equity, and health infrastructure. focusing on the lessons that were learned during the outbreak, strategies to strengthen healthcare systems, ways to improve readiness for pandemics, and ways to ensure that everyone has equal access to medical resources. Case studies from democracies provide evidence of innovative approaches to resolving issues such as vaccine equity, establishing a balance between individual liberties and the needs of the public's health, and introducing technology into the field of healthcare delivery. community involvement, cooperative governance, and open communication are all important factors in the development of successful public health systems. Through the implementation of policies that are inclusive, flexible, and forward-thinking, democratic governments have the power to effectively manage future health crises. These policies should encourage accountability and public confidence when implemented. For the purpose of meeting the criteria of democratic post-pandemic administration, practical guidance on how to change public health regulations is provided.
Intellectual Capital In Higher Education Institutions : A Contemporary Vision of Management Models And Investment Mechanisms
This study examines intellectual capital in higher education institutions as a strategic resource for enhancing performance and creating value. It aims to analyze contemporary models for its management, revealing their synergies and differences, with a focus on mechanisms for investing in and valuing it. The study employs an analytical approach, examining selected models, most notably those of Leitner, Bueno, and Secundo. It reveals that these models, despite their differing starting points, converge on the importance of human, structural, and relational capital. However, they differ in how these components are linked to university functions, outputs, and impacts. The study concludes that maximizing the strategic value of intellectual capital requires moving beyond mere management and measurement to its investment and valuing within an integrated vision that connects it to education, research, and the third mission: creating sustainable value.
Financial Derivatives and Market Liquidity: A Global Hedging Study
Futures, options, and swaps are key financial derivatives used to speculate, regulate price exposure, and hedge risk. how financial derivative-based hedging methods affect market liquidity and breadth and depth. The study uses data from numerous global markets to examine how derivatives improve liquidity by allowing asset trading, shifting risk, and enhancing price discovery. Derivative trading concerns include systemic risk, market distortions, and excessive speculation can be especially problematic during financial instability. The results show that derivatives improve risk management and trading opportunities, increasing market liquidity. They affect market stability in diverse ways, depending on market and regulatory circumstances. The paper concludes with recommendations for market participants and regulators to balance financial derivatives' pros and cons to boost market liquidity without increasing financial vulnerabilities.
International Trade and Financial Resilience of Family Businesses in Algeria: Effects of Non-Hydrocarbon Diversification
This study investigates the relationship between Algerian family businesses' engagement in international trade and the strengthening of their financial resilience within the context of a rentier economy transitioning toward non-hydrocarbon diversification. The theoretical framework integrates three complementary perspectives articulated within a multi-level model: organizational resilience theory (Holling, 1973; Meyer, 1982), resource dependence theory (Pfeffer & Salancik, 1978), and the socioemotional wealth concept (Gómez-Mejía et al., 2007). A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2018) combines quantitative multiple regression with sectoral fixed effects, two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimation with three instruments, and Difference-in-Differences analysis on a sample of 87 exporting and 65 propensity score-matched non-exporting Algerian family firms, covering 2018–2024 (604 firm-year observations; regression models estimated on 512 observations), alongside a qualitative study based on 28 semi-structured interviews. Results reveal a positive and significant relationship between internationalization degree and financial resilience (β = 0.342; p < 0.01; adjusted R² = 0.32), confirmed by 2SLS estimation (β = 0.378; p < 0.01). Non-hydrocarbon sectoral diversification exerts an amplifying moderating effect (β_interaction = 0.187; p < 0.05). Qualitative analysis highlights the role of family survivability capital, transgenerational orientation, and an emergent phenomenon termed "relational resilience." This research fills a major empirical gap in the literature on family businesses in rentier economies and formulates operational recommendations for public authorities and managing families.
The Relationship Between CSR and Financial Results for Businesses
An increasing number of firms are incorporating social and environmental issues into their daily operations and stakeholder interactions as part of their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives. exploring the relationship between CSR and CFP and whether or not corporations' commitment to CSR initiatives leads to improved financial success for themselves. corporate governance, environmental sustainability, ethical labor practices, and charity are just a few of the numerous aspects of CSR. A comprehensive literature study and empirical research are then used to assess the impact of these aspects on key financial indicators like as profitability, stock performance, and market value. the channels via which CSR initiatives can impact CFP, including improved brand image, consumer devotion, staff contentment, and operational effectiveness. The impact of CSR on financial performance may range among industries and geographic areas, which is further complicated by the involvement of industry and regional considerations. Although there is no one-size-fits-all solution when it comes to corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate financial performance (CFP), research suggests that CSR programs, when properly implemented, can boost financial results in the long run.
Retirement Portfolio Asset Allocation and Inflation
Inflation impacts retirement portfolios because retirees want their purchasing power to stay the same or increase. how different asset classes react to inflationary pressures and how these reactions should drive long-term investment decisions; this is related to retirement portfolio asset allocation. examine the inflation-fighting potential of equities, bonds, real estate, and commodities. Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) and retirement planning. This article analyzes historical data and current economic trends to establish retirement portfolio asset allocation. These solutions protect value during inflation while providing good returns. The results show that a broad portfolio with inflation-sensitive and conventional investments is needed to slow the fall of buying power. Help seniors and financial advisors adjust asset allocations to varied inflation rates and economic conditions so retirement portfolios can survive and thrive during inflation.
Student University and Mechanisms for the Success of Academic Teaching in Light of the Requirements of the Fourth Generation University Project (4.0) in Algeria
This study aimed to examine the nature of the relationship between the requirements of the Fourth Generation University and the mechanisms for the success of university teaching and the university student within the Algerian academic environment. This was achieved through the construction of a structural model explaining the direct and indirect effects among these variables. The study adopted the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach using Amos software, based on data collected through a questionnaire designed for this purpose and distributed to a sample of university faculty members in Algerian universities consisting of (167) male and female professors. The research instrument satisfied the required validity and reliability criteria necessary to achieve the objectives of the study. The results of the study revealed a direct and positive effect of the requirements of the Fourth Generation University on the mechanisms of successful university teaching. The findings also indicated a direct effect of the mechanisms of successful university teaching on the university student. Furthermore, the study demonstrated an indirect effect of the requirements of the Fourth Generation University on the university student through the mediating variable represented by the mechanisms of successful university teaching, which confirms the central role of university teaching in transmitting the effects of the transformation toward the Fourth Generation University to the student. These findings highlight that the success of the Fourth Generation University project is not solely associated with the provision of organizational, technological, and cognitive requirements, but also largely depends on the university’s capacity to develop teaching mechanisms aligned with the demands of the digital environment and the knowledge economy. This, in turn, contributes positively to enhancing the psychological readiness, pedagogical preparedness, and self-efficacy of the university student.
Improving Smart City Energy Efficiency with the Use of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Methods
One response to urbanization's fast pace and the pressing need for sustainable development has been the emergence of "smart cities," which rely heavily on technological means of efficient resource management. A smart city can improve its energy efficiency by utilizing AI and ML techniques. Artificial intelligence (AI) powered solutions can help smart cities' energy systems distribute power more efficiently, reduce waste, and achieve real-time demand and supply balance. Predictive analytics and deep learning are two examples of machine learning algorithms that may properly estimate a building's future energy use and provide creative solutions to reduce that consumption. Among the most significant AI and ML techniques employed in energy optimization are smart grids, energy systems enabled by the Internet of Things, and adaptive algorithms for load balancing. It goes on to mention the challenges of implementing AI in smart city systems, including concerns over privacy and data security as well as the requirement for extremely strong computing resources. Smart communities can achieve their sustainability goals by keeping an eye on future trends and considering how AI and ML could impact energy management.
The structure of scientific research varies according to the field and discipline in which it is conducted. Research in the experimental and technical sciences differs significantly from that in the humanities and social sciences, as the nature of the discipline determines the research methodologies employed as well as the overall organization of the study, from its introduction to its conclusion. One aspect that has particularly attracted our attention is the apparent similarity of the preliminary background sections in many research papers. However, the introduction, as an essential component of a research paper, encompasses more than a mere preliminary overview. In legal research, it possesses distinctive structural and methodological features that differentiate it from introductions in other disciplines, particularly with respect to elements such as the research problem, hypotheses, and methodological framework. These distinctive characteristics constitute the focus of the present paper.
Artificial Intelligence-Driven Personalization in E-Commerce: Improving Customer Experience
Because of the explosive rise of e-commerce, customers are looking for more personalized experiences. Here is where AI-powered solutions truly excel. personalizing the customer's journey across several channels by leveraging machine learning algorithms for tasks like as product suggestion, ad targeting, and issue resolution. Artificial intelligence models can learn what a customer wants by looking at their past purchases, web surfing patterns, and other preferences. This allows them to give each user up-to-the-minute, tailored information and product recommendations. rates the efficacy of well-known ML methods for tailoring interactions with customers, such as collaborative filtering, DL, and RL. More engagement, happier customers, and better conversion rates are some of the possible benefits of AI-driven personalization that have been mentioned. Concerns about data protection and algorithmic bias are also examined, along with the ethical considerations of AI in online business. to say nothing of predictions about how personalized AI will influence the future of online retail.
Public Procurement Oversight in Algeria: Electronic Portal Readiness and Human Resource Challenges.
The public procurement system in Algeria has undergone gradual development as a result of the interaction of internal and external political, economic, and legal factors. This development has produced a series of regulatory and legal texts that have established legal oversight as a mechanism to ensure transparency and efficiency. Within the framework of modernization, the state has moved toward the digitalization of this field through the electronic public procurement portal with the aim of strengthening integrity and keeping pace with technological developments. However, the success of this transformation remains closely linked to the qualification of human resources, particularly the officials responsible for managing public procurement, along with a reconsideration of the role of the electronic portal in the transition from traditional oversight to digital oversight. the analysis discussed in this research paper reveals the extent of the development of the public procurement oversight system in Algeria and its adaptation to the requirements of digitalization, as well as the effectiveness of the electronic portal and the officials responsible for managing and monitoring public procurement in achieving the required transparency and efficiency, The study ultimately concluded that the effectiveness of the electronic portal remains contingent upon strengthening the technical and legal training of officials responsible for public procurement, as well as providing an efficient digital environment that ensures information exchange, transparency, and procedural efficiency, thereby contributing to enhanced administrative performance and limiting unlawful practices in the field of public procurement.
Deep Learning for Cybersecurity: Threat Detection System Case Study
Because cyber attacks are becoming smarter, more sophisticated security measures are required. Systems that detect these dangers are increasingly incorporating deep learning. Improved cybersecurity can be achieved thru the use of deep learning algorithms, which can enhance the detection of cyberattacks such as malware, phishing, and network intrusions. With the help of CNNs, RNNs, and deep neural networks, threat detection systems can sift thru massive datasets in near real-time. In doing so, they are able to spot patterns and outliers that could have gone unnoticed by others. This paper presents a case study that demonstrates how a deep learning-based threat detection system can improve the accuracy, efficiency, and scalability of cybersecurity operations compared to traditional methods. The requirement for large datasets and the possibility of assaults from other parties are two issues that arise when attempting to apply deep learning to cybersecurity. The results of this study demonstrate the potential impact of deep learning on threat detection and provide recommendations for improving the integration of this technology into cybersecurity systems.
The Relationship between Electronic Auditing and External Audit Quality: A Study of a Sample of Statutory Auditors
This study aims to investigate how electronic auditing tool implementation and Enterprise Resource Planning system auditing affect external audit quality. The study investigates how professional experience levels affect this relationship. The research team chose to use descriptive–analytical methods for their study. A survey instrument was developed and disseminated to a cohort of (53) mandated auditors, and the resultant data underwent scrutiny via Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The research findings show that ERP systems produce a strong positive impact on audit quality which achieves statistical significance (β = 0.731). The model explains 59.1% of the variance in quality through its predictive capabilities. The implementation of general electronic auditing tools failed to produce any direct statistical impact while the research data did not support professional experience as a moderating variable. The study finds that auditing success in digital environments requires complete integration with client embedded systems because ERP systems determine reliability more than digital tools or professional experience does. The discovery requires professional training programs to shift their educational focus toward these specific systems.
The Importance of Contextual Understanding in Zero-Shot Learning in Natural Language Processing
Models can generalize to new, unforeseen issues without explicit training cases using zero-shot learning (ZSL), a groundbreaking method in Natural Language Processing (NLP). many NLP tasks, including entity recognition, sentiment analysis, and text classification, by enhancing contextual comprehension thru the use of ZSL. By leveraging pre-trained language models and knowledge transfer from known to unknown classes, ZSL enables models to comprehend context and accomplish tasks with merely descriptive input. The core methods of zero-shot learning, such as vector space alignment and prompt-based learning, allow models to establish connections between tasks that were previously unknown. Performance optimization in low-resource environments, dealing with domain adaptation, data sparsity, and ambiguity in ZSL are all topics we explore in our talk. Natural language processing applications could be made more accessible to a wider range of languages and domains if trials show that ZSL can achieve equivalent accuracy with little data and labeling. ZSL holds great potential for natural language processing models to become more versatile and autonomous in their understanding of context.