The Cadernos de Pós-Graduação em Direito Político e Econômico / Postgraduate Notebooks in Political and Economic Law, published by the Centro de Estudos Acadêmicos Press [Center for Academic Studies Press], is committed to maintaining the integrity, transparency, and reliability of the academic record. As part of this commitment, the journal has established a clear policy for handling retractions, corrections, and editorial updates in accordance with best practices and ethical publishing standards.

1. Grounds for Retraction

An article may be retracted after publication under the following circumstances:

• Evidence of plagiarism, fabrication, or falsification of data;
• Ethical misconduct (e.g., undisclosed conflict of interest, violation of research ethics);
• Serious errors that invalidate the findings or interpretations;
• Duplicate publication (i.e., the same content published elsewhere without proper disclosure);
• Authorship manipulation or disputes not resolved prior to publication.

Retractions may be initiated by the editorial board, the author(s), or external institutions. When a retraction is issued, a formal retraction notice will be published, linked to the original article, and clearly state the reasons for the retraction.

2. Corrections and Errata

When errors are identified that do not compromise the core findings of the article—such as typographical errors, citation mistakes, or minor data inaccuracies—a correction notice (erratum or corrigendum) will be published.

• Erratum: Issued for errors introduced by the journal during the editing or typesetting process.
• Corrigendum: Issued when the author identifies an error post-publication and requests a correction.

Corrections are reviewed and approved by the editorial team and published as an official part of the journal record.

3. Expression of Concern

In cases where a potential issue has been identified but conclusive evidence is still under review, the journal may publish an expression of concern to inform readers of the matter under investigation.

This notice will be updated or replaced with a retraction or correction once a formal decision is reached.

4. Editorial Responsibility

The decision to issue a retraction, correction, or expression of concern lies with the Editor-in-Chief in consultation with the editorial board and, if necessary, the journal’s legal or ethical advisors. The process follows the guidance provided by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and relevant Brazilian academic frameworks.

5. Transparency and Accessibility

All retractions, corrections, and updates:

• Are made freely accessible regardless of the article’s access status;
• Are clearly labeled and linked to the original article;
• Remain permanently available as part of the journal’s archival record.

The journal encourages readers, reviewers, and authors to report any suspected errors or ethical issues by contacting the editorial team directly. All concerns will be handled confidentially and with due process.