Cryptocurrency Regulation and Financial Sovereignty: A Comparative Legal Analysis of India and United States

Abstract

Cryptocurrency has emerged as a disruptive financial innovation that challenges traditional regulatory systems across the world. Built on decentralised blockchain technology, it enables peer-to-peer transactions without reliance on centralised authorities, thereby raising fundamental legal questions relating to control, accountability, and enforcement. Governments have responded in different ways, reflecting their economic priorities and institutional capacities. India represents a jurisdiction marked by regulatory caution, where policy decisions have evolved through administrative action and judicial intervention.