Sanity and Insanity: Is truth always sane?

Abstract

When madness is excluded from the domain of reason, a deeper question becomes apparent on the horizon: who possesses the authority to draw these boundaries? Giving that intellect has never been content merely to define itself; rather, it has defined itself through what it excluded, making madness an "Other" through which it affirms its own presence and measures its own sanity. This is what Michel Foucault revealed when he traced how insanity, throughout history, was transformed from a voice that possessed a place within human experience into an object of exclusion, confinement, and medicalization. At this foundational moment, modern rationality was built upon the ruins of what it had silenced. On this basis, the article seeks to discuss the dividing line between reason and unreason, and the way in which each has contributed to the formation of the other, thereby opening a horizon for rethinking the meaning of reason and the limits of truth.