Behavioral Ecology of Urban Monkeys: Human-Wildlife Conflict and Adaptation

Abstract

New ecosystems have emerged as a result of the fast pace of urbanization, in which animals and humans interact more frequently. The cognitive capacity and behavioral flexibility of monkeys allow them to thrive in the face of manmade pressures, making them one of the most effective animals at exploiting urban surroundings. the study of monkey behavior in urban areas, with an emphasis on how these monkeys adapt to their environments and the dynamics of conflicts between humans and other species. The research emphasizes how monkeys adapt their social structure, spatial movements, and foraging tactics in reaction to urban resources and dangers. It draws on ethological analyses, case studies, and field data from South and Southeast Asia. In order to survive, urban monkeys adapt their diets to include more and more man-made foods. These adaptable monkeys also become more aggressive and opportunistic, which can lead to crop raids, food theft, and property damage, which can lead to conflict with humans. New hierarchies and changed affiliative behaviors within troops are the results of social dynamics modified by increased competition over concentrated resources. However, monkeys face dangers like illness transmission, retaliatory violence, and car accidents due to their frequent encounters with humans.